Hanbali School
المذهب الحنبلي
Founded by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780-855 CE). Predominant in the Arabian Peninsula.
19,757 rulings across 201 topics in 14 categories
Dress & Adornment3 topics
General Dress Codes and Awrah
أحكام اللباس العامة والعورة(176 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he finds water, it is not obligatory for him to enter it, even if it is muddy.
Required (Wajib)If a naked person finds pure leather, or paper that can be patched onto them, or grass that can be tied to them to cover with, it is obligatory for him to do so.
Permissible (Mubah)It is not obligatory to cover both shoulders entirely; rather, covering part of them is sufficient.
+ 173 more rulings
Adornment and Personal Grooming
الزينة والتزين الشخصي(106 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to dye grey hair with colors other than black.
Discouraged (Makruh)And I dislike it for men (to pluck or shape the face).
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm for women to pluck or shape the face (huff al-wajh).
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Rules of Gaze (Ghad al-Basar)
أحكام غض البصر(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)But he must avert his gaze (from the hired woman).
Family Law15 topics
Marriage and Marital Etiquette
النكاح وآدابه(107 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)(According to some scholars) the marriage (of an interdicted person) is not valid without his guardian's permission.
Preferred (Mustahabb)They (several Tabi'in) recommend that a man should have intimacy with his wife on Friday.
Required (Wajib)If a woman receives her dowry before consummation, and a year passes upon it, and she pays Zakat on it, then her husband divorces her before consummation, he takes back half of the dowry, and the paid Zakat is considered from her remaining half.
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Guardianship and Tutelage
الولاية والوصاية(63 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he says, "I reclaimed it for the orphan," his statement is accepted.
Permissible (Mubah)If the guardian who took from the orphan's money was the father, he is not obligated to compensate for it, according to one narration, because a father may take from his child's money whatever he wishes, whether in need or not.
Permissible (Mubah)A father is permitted to take from his child's wealth whatever he wishes and own it, whether the father is in need of what he takes or not, and whether the child is young or old.
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Inheritance
الميراث(53 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he acknowledges two maternal brothers, he must pay them one-third of what is in his possession.
It is also possible that the lineage is not established due to the deceased's denial of him.
Required (Wajib)The acknowledger must pay each of them one-third of the inheritance, regardless of whether we say the lineage is established or not, because he acknowledged it.
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Gifts and Financial Dispositions
العطايا والتصرفات المالية(43 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for a woman to give a gift except with her husband's permission.
Permissible (Mubah)The fresh dates, you may eat them and give them as gifts.
Discouraged (Makruh)And do not hoard, lest it be hoarded from you.
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Establishing and Denying Lineage
إثبات ونفي النسب(35 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he dies before clarifying, his heirs are obliged to provide clarification.
Required (Wajib)We show him to the experts in tracing lineage (qāfah), and if they attribute one of them to him, we attribute him.
Required (Wajib)If there are no experts in tracing lineage, lots are drawn among them, and whoever gets the lot is freed and inherits.
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Divorce and Marital Dissolution
الطلاق والفرقة الزوجية(23 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)He [the Prophet] forbade a woman from asking for the divorce of her sister [in faith or another woman's husband].
Required (Wajib)She is a free Muslim woman, and I would not keep her for you after you uttered her divorce.
Permissible (Mubah)If an interdicted person performs khul', his khul' is valid.
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Sexual Relations and Their Consequences
أحكام الوطء(23 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And no mahr (dowry) is due from him.
Required (Wajib)And the slave woman becomes Umm Walad (mother of his child).
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for the pledgee to have sexual intercourse with a pledged female slave, by scholarly consensus.
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Slavery-Related Family Rulings
أحكام الرقيق والأسرة(20 rulings)His lineage is not attributed to the one who had intercourse with her, because it is from unlawful sexual intercourse (zina).
Forbidden (Haram)And the female slave is contrary to that (i.e., it is not permissible to separate her from her child).
Required (Wajib)So, the child's freedom is ruled; due to the admission of the one to whom its ownership is attributed concerning its freedom.
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Maintenance (Nafaqah)
النفقة(18 rulings)Required (Wajib)The minimum clothing sufficient for him consists of a shirt, trousers, something he wears on his head, either a turban or a cap or other items customary for him, and shoes for his feet if he customarily wears them.
Permissible (Mubah)And the one inherited from is not obligated to provide maintenance for their heir.
Permissible (Mubah)And she has the right to take it from his wealth without his knowledge if he refrains from paying it.
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Mahram and Seclusion
أحكام المحارم والخلوة(11 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for him to be in seclusion with them [i.e., the mother or daughter of a woman with whom one had intercourse due to misconception or illicit sex], nor to look at them for that reason.
Forbidden (Haram)[Imam Ahmad said that a boy is] not a mahram until he reaches puberty.
Required (Wajib)It is stipulated for a mahram that he be an adult and sane.
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Breastfeeding and Fosterage
الرضاع والحضانة(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is only permissible for wet-nursing.
Forbidden (Haram)He (the husband) does not have the right to compel her (the wife) to foster their child.
Forbidden (Haram)If a woman is married, it is not permissible to hire her out for wet nursing unless with her husband's permission.
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Child Rearing and Parental Rights
تربية الأبناء وحقوق الوالدين(9 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If discipline is possible without hitting, then hitting is not permissible, as it involves harm and pain that can be avoided.
When a child completes fifteen years, what is for him and what is against him is recorded, and penalties are taken from him.
Forbidden (Haram)[Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz] wrote to his governors: 'Do not impose [obligations] except upon one who has reached fifteen years of age.'
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Wills and Bequests
الوصايا(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)A bequest to an heir is valid, according to the soundest of two narrations, and is contingent upon the approval of the other heirs.
Permissible (Mubah)If a man lends another dirhams and says, 'If I die, you are absolved,' it is considered a will.
Required (Wajib)So their share must be separated and distributed among them.
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Iddah and Mourning
العدة والحداد(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)Imam Ahmad said: A woman in ihram and a woman whose husband has died must abandon perfume and adornment.
Naming
التسمية(1 ruling)Preferred (Mustahabb)If it is not clear whether the miscarried fetus is male or female, it should be given a name suitable for both male and female.
Fasting (Sawm)9 topics
Categories of Fasting
أنواع الصيام(278 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is not sufficient (for the fast) except with a firm intention that it is from Ramadan.
Discouraged (Makruh)And is it disliked (for a fasting person to use siwak after Dhuhr)? There are two narrations: one of them is that it is disliked.
Required (Wajib)If someone vows to fast for a consecutive month without specifying it, and then falls ill during it, upon recovery, they should continue from where they left off, make up what they missed, and pay an expiation for an oath.
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Itikaf (Spiritual Retreat)
الاعتكاف(221 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If the funeral prayer becomes individually obligatory upon him, and he can perform it in the mosque, then it is not permissible for him to leave (the mosque) for it.
Permissible (Mubah)If he cannot perform it (the funeral prayer) in the mosque, then he is permitted to leave for it.
Permissible (Mubah)If the burial of the deceased or washing them becomes individually obligatory upon him, then it is permissible for him to leave for it.
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Things that Invalidate Fasting
مبطلات الصيام(126 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If a fasting person instills oil into their urethra, their fast is not broken, whether it reaches the bladder or not.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for him to cause another person to break their fast (after his own necessity, such as sexual urge, has been met).
Forbidden (Haram)Intercourse is forbidden due to the sanctity of Ramadan.
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Fidyah and Kaffarah (Expiation and Redemption)
الفدية والكفارة(112 rulings)Required (Wajib)The stated position is that expiation is incumbent upon her (the woman).
Required (Wajib)If the pilgrim performing Tamattu' does not find a sacrificial animal (Hady), he transfers to fasting three days during Hajj and seven days when he returns, making a complete ten.
Permissible (Mubah)Ability (to provide the Hady) is considered at its location. So, whenever one cannot find it in its location, it is permissible for him to transfer to fasting, even if he was able to find it in his home country.
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Prohibited and Disliked Fasting Days
أيام يحرم صومها والمكروه(9 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If one intends to fast on these days (Eid or Tashreeq), they are disobedient, and it does not suffice for an obligatory fast.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not allowed to fast on the two Eid days, nor on the days of Tashreeq, neither as an obligatory fast nor as a voluntary one.
Forbidden (Haram)Scholars have agreed that fasting on the two Eid days is prohibited and forbidden for voluntary fasts, absolute vows, missed (qada') fasts, and expiatory fasts.
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Making Up Missed Fasts (Qada')
قضاء الصوم(8 rulings)Required (Wajib)Then fast on behalf of your mother.
Required (Wajib)Whoever dies with fasts due upon him, his guardian should fast on his behalf.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Rather, it is recommended to perform make-up fasts during them (the first ten days of Dhul Hijjah), according to those who forbid voluntary fasting before fulfilling an obligatory fast.
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Fasting Exemptions and Specific Rulings
أحكام الصائم والأعذار المبيحة للفطر(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Ahmad said: There is no harm in using siwak for a fasting person.
Discouraged (Makruh)Repeated looking (gazing) is disliked for someone whose lust is aroused by it, but not disliked for someone whose lust is not aroused by it, similar to kissing.
Permissible (Mubah)It was also narrated from him (Ahmad) that it is not disliked to use a wet siwak stick (while fasting).
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Intention for Fasting
نية الصيام(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)A compulsory fast is not valid unless one intends it at any time during the night.
Permissible (Mubah)If one specifies the intention for the fast of Ramadan, or its make-up, or an expiation, or a vow, they do not need to intend it to be obligatory.
Required (Wajib)Ibn Hamid said: That (intending it to be obligatory) is obligatory.
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General Conditions and Principles of Fasting
الشروط والأحكام العامة للصيام(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)Continuity is not obligatory.
Food & Drink4 topics
Hunting and Slaughter (Dhabihah)
الصيد والذبيحة(72 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It belongs to the hunter.
Forbidden (Haram)And the prohibition of hunting it (the solid black dog).
Forbidden (Haram)Indeed, slaughtering that which is impermissible to eat does not purify it.
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Halal and Haram Food and Drink
الطعام والشراب الحلال والحرام(50 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade slaughtering an animal for reasons other than eating it.
Forbidden (Haram)Indeed, Allah and His Messenger have forbidden the sale of intoxicants, dead animals, swine, and idols.
Discouraged (Makruh)That is disliked (makruh), because its origin relates to wine. (Referring to hiring oneself out to tend a Christian's vineyard).
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Eating Etiquette and the Use of Gold and Silver Utensils
آداب الطعام والشراب واستعمال آنية الذهب والفضة(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The one who drinks from gold and silver vessels is only gurgling the fire of Hell in his stomach.
Forbidden (Haram)Do not drink from gold and silver vessels, and do not eat from their plates.
Forbidden (Haram)Their acquisition (or use) is forbidden.
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Lawful and Unlawful Food Acquisition
طرق كسب الطعام الحلال والحرام(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permitted for everyone to gather them (the leftover ears of grain).
Required (Wajib)Feed it to the captives. (Referring to the unlawfully acquired sheep mentioned in the narrative)
Hajj & Umrah6 topics
Ihram, its Prohibitions, and Expiations
الإحرام ومحظوراته وجناياته(802 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It was reported from Ata that he disliked silk and jewelry for a woman in ihram.
Forbidden (Haram)Ahmad said, concerning a person in ihram who fastens a turban around his waist: 'Do not tie it'.
Forbidden (Haram)His master does not have the right to prevent him from fasting.
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General Hajj Principles, Types, and Entry
أحكام الحج وشروطه وأنواعه ومناسكه العامة والدخول(708 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a slave is emancipated in Arafah, his Hajj is sufficient for him.
Required (Wajib)That he attained the standing (at Arafah) as a free and mature person, so it is sufficient for him.
Required (Wajib)As for the child, if he renews his ihram after reaching puberty and before the standing (at Arafah), it is sufficient for him.
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Sacrificial Animal (Hady)
الهدي(295 rulings)Required (Wajib)For hunting a dabb (mastigure lizard), a young goat is due as expiation.
Required (Wajib)For hunting a wabar (hyrax), a sheep is due as expiation.
Required (Wajib)For hunting a gazelle, a sheep is due as expiation.
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Tawaf and Sa'i
الطواف والسعي(219 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he performs the farewell circumambulation and then engages in trade, he must return and perform the farewell circumambulation again.
Required (Wajib)Tawaf al-Wada' (Farewell Circumambulation) is obligatory (wajib); a blood sacrifice (dam) substitutes for it if one omits it.
Required (Wajib)Sa'i (running between Safa and Marwah) is not valid except after a circumambulation (tawaf).
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Special Circumstances and Proxy Hajj
الإحصار وفوات الحج والحج بالنيابة(43 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in performing Hajj on behalf of a man, even if his name is not specified.
Required (Wajib)If someone appointed a proxy while hoping to be able to perform Hajj himself, and then became terminally ill, he must perform Hajj himself again.
Permissible (Mubah)The performed ritual counts for the one who instructed him, and the proxy is entitled to expenses proportional to what he performed.
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Rituals of Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina
مناسك عرفة ومزدلفة ومنى(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The people of opinion said: For one who matted or braided their hair, they have a choice in every situation (between shaving and trimming).
Permissible (Mubah)One has a choice between shaving and trimming; whichever he does, it is sufficient according to most scholars.
Permissible (Mubah)The scholars are unanimous that trimming the hair is sufficient.
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inheritance1 topic
Acknowledgment to an Heir During Death Illness
الإقرار لوارث في مرض الموت(7 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Ahmad said: It is not permissible. (Referring to the scenario where a father acknowledged a debt to one of his two sons while ill, then that son died leaving a grandson, and the father later died).
Permissible (Mubah)His acknowledgment was permissible (valid). (Referring to Sufyan's opinion on a father who acknowledged a debt to one of his two sons while ill, then that son died leaving a grandson, and the father later died).
Permissible (Mubah)If he acknowledges a debt to a woman during his illness, then marries her, his acknowledgment is permissible (valid) because he is not accused (of favoring an heir).
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Judicial Matters15 topics
Legal Obligations, Guarantees, and Agency
الضمان والكفالة والوكالة(237 rulings)Required (Wajib)Then he must pay one thousand and merely return the slave.
Forbidden (Haram)If the usurper pays compensation, he may not seek recourse from anyone if the butcher was unaware of the situation.
Permissible (Mubah)The owner has the right to take it (the slaughtered sheep) and compensation for its depreciation.
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Acknowledgement & Confession (Iqrar)
الإقرار والاعتراف(80 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)An acknowledgment is not valid unless it attributes the right to inheritance or a will.
Required (Wajib)And if he says, "one hundred and fifty dirhams," then it is likewise.
As for the coerced person, their confession regarding what they were coerced to confess is not valid.
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Legal Capacity, Guardianship & Authority of Executors
الأهلية والولاية والأوصياء(53 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Therefore, it is not permissible for the judge to sell a debtor's property without his permission.
Required (Wajib)His (the unconscious person's) ruling is like that of the absent and the insane person: his recovery is awaited.
Forbidden (Haram)(Regarding the orphan's wealth) Do not give it to him (the prodigal orphan).
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Property Rights & Disputes
حقوق الملكية والمنازعات(43 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the judge deems it appropriate to sell some of the camels, preserve the rest, and spend on the remaining ones from the price of what was sold, it is permissible.
If he (the hirer) voluntarily undertakes these actions, he cannot claim anything back.
If the judge did not set an estimate, any amount spent beyond the reasonable expenditure cannot be claimed back, as it was a voluntary act.
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Judicial Process, Evidence & Ethics
الإجراءات القضائية والشهادة وأخلاقياتها(21 rulings)If the defendant knows what is due from him but denies it, then the reconciliation is invalid.
Permissible (Mubah)Reconciliation among Muslims is permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)If someone claims a house from another, and then reconciles with him for part of it, or for building a room above it, or for him to live in it for a year, it is not valid.
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Slave Legal Status & Offenses
أحكام العبيد وجناياتهم(20 rulings)One scenario is if the crime does not necessitate Qisas (retaliation in kind), such as accidental harm, semi-intentional harm, or destruction of property; in this case, it is void, because the slave is property of his master, and thus no property can be established for him in his own property.
If the crime is against anything less than life, then the right belongs to the master.
If he (the master) forgives in exchange for money, Qisas (retaliation) is dropped, and no money is due, for what we mentioned. Similarly, if he forgives without money.
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Homicide, Retaliation (Qisas) & Blood Money (Diyah)
أحكام القتل والقصاص والدية(19 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Killing a soul that Allah has forbidden except by right is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
Required (Wajib)If a stranger strikes her abdomen and she miscarries a stillborn fetus, then upon the assailant is a `ghurrah`—a male or female slave for the owner, amounting to the lesser of the fetus's blood money (`arsh`) or its value on the day it was miscarried.
Required (Wajib)If he pardons for compensation, his pardon is valid, and the lesser of the two values is obligatory (as compensation).
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Hadd Punishment for Apostasy
حد الردة(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)And he is obligated to make up what he missed during his Islam before his apostasy (according to the preferred opinion).
Permissible (Mubah)He is not obligated to make up what he missed during his apostasy, nor during his Islam before his apostasy (according to one opinion).
Required (Wajib)He is obligated to make up what he missed of worship during his apostasy and during his Islam before his apostasy (according to another opinion).
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War, Rebels & Non-Muslims (International Fiqh)
أحكام الحرب والبغاة وأهل الذمة(7 rulings)Required (Wajib)And as for the land concerning which the disbelievers made a peace treaty, on the condition that the land belongs to us (Muslims) and we keep them on it with a known land tax (kharaj), then it is also an endowment (waqf), its ruling is the same as what we mentioned.
Required (Wajib)(Umar said): 'If you pay its Sadaqah, one faraq from every ten faraq, we will protect it for you.'
Required (Wajib)This land tax (kharaj) is like the jizya; it is waived upon their conversion to Islam, and the land belongs to them with no kharaj upon it.
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Hadd Punishment for Zina and Illicit Relations
حد الزنا والوطء المحرم(5 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whoever usurps a slave girl, has intercourse with her, and she conceives, he is liable for the prescribed punishment (hadd), her master takes her and her children, and he must pay her customary dowry.
Permissible (Mubah)If the sold item was a female slave and the buyer had intercourse with her, there is no hadd punishment upon him because he believed she was his property.
Required (Wajib)If he was aware of the prohibition, then he is liable for the prescribed punishment of unlawful sexual intercourse (zina).
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General Legal Principles & Sources of Law
أصول العدالة وحجية الإجماع(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)nor is it permissible to nullify any Muslim's right (through stratagem).
Forbidden (Haram)This is a text whose contravention is not permissible except with something similar or stronger.
Forbidden (Haram)This thus constitutes a consensus of the Companions – may Allah be pleased with them – and it is not permissible for anyone to oppose it.
Hadd Punishment for Slander (Qadhf)
حد القذف(3 rulings)The Hadd punishment [for slander] is nullified if the slandered person dies.
Forbidden (Haram)Slandering chaste, believing, unaware women is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
Permissible (Mubah)He is entitled to enforce it on behalf of his deceased brother, if we consider the hadd punishment obligatory for slandering her.
Hadd Punishments (General Principles)
الحدود وأصول تطبيقها(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)The punishment of cutting (the hand) is a hadd punishment that is not obligated except by breaching a protected place (hirz) and taking the entire property.
Furthermore, hadd punishments are averted by doubts, unlike financial liability (ḍamān).
Forbidden (Haram)and it is forbidden to keep him.
Theft and Restitution of Stolen Property
السرقة ورد المسروقات(3 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Whoever finds his property with a man, he is more entitled to it.
Permissible (Mubah)(Ahmad said concerning a man who finds his stolen item with someone else who claims it as his own:) it is his property, he takes it.
Required (Wajib)It became obligatory for him (the freed slave) to return the stolen item to the one for whom he confessed.
Conditions for Legal Validity & Protection
شروط التصرفات الشرعية وعصمة الدم والمال(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)I have been commanded to fight people until they say 'There is no god but Allah.' If they say it, their lives and property are protected from me, except by its right.
Oaths & Vows2 topics
Oaths and Procedures in Judiciary and Legal Transactions
الأيمان والإجراءات في القضاء والمعاملات القانونية(842 rulings)Required (Wajib)In every instance where we say: the statement is that of the pledger, the judge said: that is with his oath.
Permissible (Mubah)His word is also accepted regarding its amount without an oath.
Permissible (Mubah)His word is accepted without an oath (if he claims destruction without negligence).
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General Oaths and Vows
الأيمان والنذور العامة(44 rulings)Required (Wajib)The Prophet - peace and blessings be upon him - said to Ka'b ibn `Ujrah: 'Feed six poor people one faraq of food.'
Required (Wajib)And expiation (kaffarah) is due upon him according to both views, because he abandoned part of what he vowed.
Forbidden (Haram)Fasting is not permitted for him (as expiation for Zihar) until he seeks a slave (to free).
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other21 topics
Public Rights, Resources, and Land Management
الحقوق والموارد العامة وإدارة الأراضي(81 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Indeed, the lower landowner has no right to the water except for what remains after the upper landowner has taken his share.
Required (Wajib)Whoever's land is close to the mouth of the river has precedence to the water, and thus has more right to it.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for the owner to prevent others from doing that (drawing water for personal use that does not affect the water).
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Usul al-Fiqh and Legal Methodology
أصول الفقه والمنهجية الفقهية(47 rulings)Required (Wajib)The second view is that two dirhams become obligatory upon him.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to equate performance (of an act of worship in its due time) with its make-up.
Permissible (Mubah)These are human rights, so they are not nullified by ignorance or mistake, like blood money (diyah).
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Governance and Public Order
الحكم والنظام العام(41 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he (the ruler) gives, then take.
Required (Wajib)It is an acknowledgment binding upon him in his emancipation contract, so it is not invalidated by his inability (to pay), just like acknowledging a debt.
Permissible (Mubah)And it is permissible for the teacher to strike children for discipline.
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Death, Burial, and Mourning
أحكام الموت والدفن والعزاء(38 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)[The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) used to forbid us] and from burying our dead in them [during three specific hours].
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in marking the grave with a stone or wood.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And mounding the grave is better than flattening it.
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Slavery, Manumission, and Wala'
الرق، العتق، والولاء(38 rulings)If a sick person acknowledges impregnating his female slave and then dies, and he clarified that he had fathered a child with her while she was his property, then her child is free by origin, and she becomes an Umm Walad (mother of his child), and she is freed from the principal of the estate.
Required (Wajib)If one sells a male slave for a female slave, with an option clause, and then frees both of them, the manumission of the female slave is effective, but not that of the male slave.
Required (Wajib)If he frees the female slave first, her manumission is effective, his option is void, and the manumission of the male slave is not effective. But if he frees the male slave first, the sale is annulled, the male slave returns to him, his manumission is not effective, and the manumission of the female slave is not effective because she exited his ownership due to the annulment and returned to her seller.
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Animal Rulings and Welfare
أحكام الحيوان ورعايته(34 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And the permissibility of killing it (the solid black dog).
Permissible (Mubah)The jet-black dog is permissible to kill.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in killing snakes and scorpions.
+ 31 more rulings
General Islamic Etiquette and Ethics
الآداب والأخلاق العامة(23 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)So, if he stands from his place and then returns to it, he has more right to it.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to use deception for that (i.e., to cause harm to Muslims).
Forbidden (Haram)Agency is not valid in usurpation (ghasb).
+ 20 more rulings
Wills, Endowments, and Guardianship
الوصايا والأوقاف والوصاية(21 rulings)Required (Wajib)And his value becomes obligatory (to be paid) because he was meant to be owned, but the belief in freedom prevented him from slavery, so his value became obligatory, with which a slave is bought to be an endowment, and his value is considered on the day he is born alive.
Permissible (Mubah)Whenever his guardian permits him to transact, his transaction is valid.
Permissible (Mubah)Al-Qadi said: It is permissible for the guardian to do that (delegate what he usually performs himself).
+ 18 more rulings
Neighborly Rights and Property
حقوق الجار والملكية(20 rulings)Required (Wajib)And according to us, it is a right that must be enabled (referring to a neighbor placing wood on an adjoining wall).
Required (Wajib)He should visit them and try to persuade them to leave (the usurped land).
Forbidden (Haram)Otherwise (if they don't leave the usurped land), he should not stay with them.
+ 17 more rulings
Adornment, Utensils, and Purity (of Objects)
أحكام الزينة والأواني والطهارة(17 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Abu al-Khattab said: A small amount of silver is not permissible except out of necessity, because the hadith only mentioned repairing the cup at the place of the break, and that was for a need.
Permissible (Mubah)Al-Qadi said: A small amount of silver is permissible, whether there is a need or not, as we mentioned, except that what is directly used from it, such as a ring (or handle), is not permissible, while what is not directly used, such as a patch, is permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to ornament Qur'ans or prayer niches (mihrabs), nor to make lamps from gold and silver.
+ 14 more rulings
Found Items and Buried Treasure
اللقطة والركاز(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the heirs agree that the buried treasure did not belong to their deceased, then it belongs to the first owner.
Permissible (Mubah)And its (the scattered item's) taking is permitted.
Permissible (Mubah)This indicates that the Rikaz (buried treasure) belongs to its finder.
+ 9 more rulings
Legal Stratagems (Hiyal)
الحيل الشرعية(11 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)All of that and its likes are permissible if not stipulated in the contract, according to Abu Hanifa and Shafi'i.
Forbidden (Haram)Do not resort to what the Jews resorted to, lest you make permissible Allah's prohibitions by the slightest stratagems.
Forbidden (Haram)Every stratagem intended only to permit what is forbidden, without any genuine meaning in it, is invalidated.
+ 8 more rulings
Warfare, Spoils, and International Relations
أحكام الحرب والغنائم والعلاقات الدولية(10 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Fleeing on the day of battle is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for a person to undertake the distribution of the khums (one-fifth) himself.
Required (Wajib)That dividing it is obligatory.
+ 7 more rulings
Rulings on Non-Muslims
أحكام غير المسلمين(9 rulings)Required (Wajib)If they display their disbelief publicly, they should be disciplined for it.
Permissible (Mubah)If they display a cross or a lute, its breaking is permissible.
Required (Wajib)And they are to be prevented from displaying what is forbidden for Muslims.
+ 6 more rulings
Medical and Bioethical Rulings
أحكام الطب والأخلاق البيولوجية(8 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Imam Ahmad said: Binding teeth with gold if one fears they might fall out has been done by people, and there is no harm in it out of necessity.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to use it [theriac] for treatment, nor to use snake venom.
Required (Wajib)The Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded him to make a nose of gold (due to necessity after his silver one caused infection).
+ 5 more rulings
Financial Purity and Ill-Gotten Wealth
تطهير المال والكسب الحرام(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If teaching the Quran is permissible as compensation in marriage and serves as a dowry, then it is permissible to take a wage for it in contracts of hire.
Forbidden (Haram)If you like Allah to put a bow of fire on your neck, then accept it.
Permissible (Mubah)Feed it to your beast of burden or your slave. (Ahmad's instruction regarding the earnings of a cupper).
+ 4 more rulings
Weights, Measures, and Practical Standards
المكاييل والموازين والمعايير العملية(6 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to exercise ijtihad (taharri), even if the permissible [items] are many.
Required (Wajib)The standard measure is the measure of the people of Medina.
Required (Wajib)The reference for determining what is measured by volume and what is weighed is the customary practice in Hijaz during the era of the Prophet (PBUH).
+ 3 more rulings
Necessity and Coercion
الضرورة والإكراه(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one finds a thirsty person whose life is feared, it is obligatory to give them water to drink and then perform tayammum for prayer.
Required (Wajib)If he has surplus food and finds someone in dire need, it is obligatory to give it to them because it is a state of necessity.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for one to take another's property to save one's life, and to destroy property to preserve it (meaning what one eats).
+ 1 more ruling
Rulings on Intersex Individuals
أحكام الخنثى(4 rulings)If both [semen from a male organ and menstruation from a female organ] appear together, he/she is not ruled to be male or female, because the two evidences contradict each other.
And if semen exits from its private part [i.e., the female-like one], or it menstruates, then it is a sign of its puberty and of its being a woman.
The status of males is established for whoever ejaculates from their male organ, and the status of females is established for whoever ejaculates from their vagina, because Allah has made this the norm for males and females.
+ 1 more ruling
Games, Sports, and Entertainment
الألعاب والمسابقات واللهو(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And we do not concede that singing is forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)Then what is forbidden is its practice, not merely its knowledge (if one assumes singing is forbidden).
+ 1 more topic in this category
Prayer (Salah)10 topics
Obligatory and Voluntary Prayers
الصلوات المفروضة والتطوع(1476 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)As for the Fajr prayer, performing it in `taghlis` (early dawn, before full light) is preferable.
Recommended (Sunnah)It is from the Sunnah to place the right hand over the left below the navel.
Required (Wajib)And from him (Malik) concerning one who prayed Isha before the disappearance of the twilight, ignorantly or forgetfully, he must repeat it if it was within the time. But if the time passed before he knew or remembered, then there is nothing upon him.
+ 1473 more rulings
Special and Circumstantial Prayers
الصلوات الخاصة والظرفية(1128 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Whatever one recites (from the Qur'an after Al-Fatiha in Eid prayer), it suffices him.
Discouraged (Makruh)And he should not raise his voice (during the khutbah).
Preferred (Mustahabb)Instead, he should gesture to him. Ahmad explicitly stated this, saying he should place his finger over his mouth.
+ 1125 more rulings
Prayer Conditions and Pillars
شروط الصلاة وأركانها(291 rulings)Required (Wajib)And he prostrates for forgetfulness.
Forbidden (Haram)For it is not permissible for the last of the two matters (regarding prostration of forgetfulness) to be his prostration before the salutation.
Required (Wajib)If two trustworthy individuals remind him (the Imam) by tasbeeh, he is obligated to accept their statement and return to it, whether his preponderant opinion is that they are correct or otherwise.
+ 288 more rulings
Imamate and Congregational Prayer Rulings
أحكام الإمامة وصلاة الجماعة(221 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)And they (the two followers) should not move back during the Tashahhud (final sitting), for that entails hardship.
Preferred (Mustahabb)(If a third person joins while two are in Tashahhud) he should say 'Allahu Akbar' and sit to the right of his companion, or to his left.
Permissible (Mubah)If the second person says 'Allahu Akbar' with the first (who is to the Imam's) right and they both move back, it is permissible.
+ 218 more rulings
Prayer Locations and Etiquette
أماكن الصلاة وآدابها(161 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one prays on the roof of a latrine/waste area, a bathhouse, a camel resting place, or other similar places, the judge mentioned that its ruling is the same as praying in them.
Permissible (Mubah)If there is one grave or two graves in a place, prayer is not prohibited there, because it does not fall under the name 'graveyard'.
Forbidden (Haram)There is no difference in a graveyard between an old one and a new one, or one whose soil has been turned over or not, for the purpose of the prohibition, because the name 'graveyard' applies to it.
+ 158 more rulings
Combining, Making Up, and Post-Prayer Actions
جمع الصلوات وقضائها وأعمال ما بعدها(86 rulings)Required (Wajib)He must repeat every prayer he performed while remembering an earlier prayer he had missed.
Required (Wajib)The ordering (of prayers when making them up) is obligatory.
Forbidden (Haram)That it (mud alone) does not permit (combining prayers).
+ 83 more rulings
Prayer Invalidators and Disliked Actions
مبطلات الصلاة ومكروهاتها(62 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to wipe away pebbles or gravel during prayer.
Permissible (Mubah)The correct definition [of 'near' for a passerby] is that if one walks towards the passerby and repels them, his prayer is not invalidated.
Forbidden (Haram)Al-Qadi said regarding one who yawns and says 'Ah Ah': his prayer is invalidated (corrupted).
+ 59 more rulings
Qibla Direction
اتجاه القبلة(45 rulings)Required (Wajib)What is obligatory is to face the Kaaba and whatever is in alignment with it from above and below.
Required (Wajib)If a person's ijtihad and assumption no longer incline towards the first direction, and his ijtihad does not lead him to another specific direction, he should continue his prayer based on what has already passed.
Obligatory (Fard)One should not pray an obligatory or voluntary prayer, except in these two cases (traveler and fear), without facing the Kaaba.
+ 42 more rulings
Prayer Times and Prohibited Times
أوقات الصلاة وأوقات النهي(14 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, held that the times when prayer is forbidden are from after Fajr until the sun rises to the height of a spear, and after Asr until the sun sets, and during the sun's zenith until it declines.
Discouraged (Makruh)Ibn al-Mundhir said: What is forbidden (for prayer) are only the three times mentioned in the hadith of Uqbah.
Forbidden (Haram)As for making up Sunnah prayers in other prohibited times, and performing other prayers with a reason, such as the greeting of the mosque, the eclipse prayer, and the prostration of recitation, the well-known position in the madhhab is that it is not permissible.
+ 11 more rulings
Women's Prayer Rulings
أحكام صلاة المرأة(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)For if a woman stands in the row of men, her prayer is not invalidated, nor is the prayer of those next to her.
Forbidden (Haram)If there are non-mahram men present, a woman should not recite loudly in prayer, unless they are her mahrams, in which case there is no harm.
Required (Wajib)If a woman leads another woman in prayer, the follower woman stands to her right, similar to how a male follower stands with men.
+ 9 more rulings
Purification (Taharah)8 topics
Wudu (Ablution) and Its Rulings
الوضوء وأحكامه(635 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)For the sleep of one standing, bowing, or prostrating, there are two narrations from Ahmad regarding all of this: one of them states it breaks wudu.
Permissible (Mubah)And the second [narration regarding sleep in standing, bowing, or prostrating] is that it does not break [wudu] unless it is much.
Permissible (Mubah)And Abu Hanifa held that sleep in any state of prayer does not break wudu, even if it is much.
+ 632 more rulings
Impurities and Their Purification
أنواع النجاسة وتطهيرها(407 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If rain falls on urine on the ground to the extent that it becomes like a bucketful of water, just as the Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded to pour water on urine, then it has been purified.
Required (Wajib)Ibn Abbas stated: except if it (the blood) was excessive, he (the person) repeated it (the prayer).
Required (Wajib)Then, if one discards the impurity without a long delay or much action, they should remove it and continue their prayer.
+ 404 more rulings
Menstruation, Post-Natal Bleeding, and Chronic Impurity
الحيض والنفاس والاستحاضة والأعذار الدائمة(359 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If an apostate woman menstruated, she is not obligated to make up the prayer during her menstruation.
Required (Wajib)They (Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf and Abdullah ibn Abbas) said regarding a menstruating woman who purifies before the rise of dawn by the time of one rak'ah: she prays Maghrib and Isha. And if she purifies before the sun sets, she prays Dhuhr and Asr together.
Required (Wajib)If the blood returns, she should not pay attention to it until her regular menses days arrive.
+ 356 more rulings
Tayammum (Dry Ablution)
التيمم(233 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one wipes the obligatory area with one hand or with part of their hand, it suffices.
Forbidden (Haram)And it is not permissible to use conjecture (taharri) or perform tayammum, by unanimous agreement.
Forbidden (Haram)One opinion is that it is not permissible because he certainly has pure water with him, so tayammum is not permissible while it exists.
+ 230 more rulings
General Principles of Purification
أحكام وأصول الطهارة العامة(174 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to perform purification with any water possessing the characteristics mentioned, regardless of its original natural state—be it hot or cold, fresh or salty—and whether it descended from the sky or sprang from the earth, found in a sea, river, well, pond, or otherwise.
Forbidden (Haram)All these types of water (i.e., water that changed its name due to mixing with a pure substance, or water in which a pure substance was cooked and changed it) are not permissible for performing ablution (wudu) or ritual bath (ghusl).
Forbidden (Haram)Abu Bakr ibn al-Mundhir said: All scholars whose opinions we preserve agree that ablution (wudu) is not permissible with rosewater, tree water, or safflower water, and purification is not permissible except with absolute water that is simply referred to as 'water'.
+ 171 more rulings
Ghusl (Ritual Bath) and Major Ritual Impurity
الغسل والحدث الأكبر(174 rulings)If it was less than that [the size of the glans], nothing is obligatory.
Permissible (Mubah)That nothing is obligatory upon him except ablution (wudu), whether he urinated or not (in a specific case of discharge).
Required (Wajib)Ghusl is not required of him except if it is due to desire (meaning it is required if it stems from desire).
+ 171 more rulings
Funeral Rulings and Purification of the Deceased
أحكام الجنائز وتطهير الميت(67 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one fears that some of his teeth might fall out, one should leave it.
Forbidden (Haram)As for circumcision, it is not prescribed (for the deceased) because it is the removal of a part of his body.
Permissible (Mubah)The well-known opinion from Ahmad is that the husband may wash his wife.
+ 64 more rulings
Circumcision
الختان والخفاض(8 rulings)Required (Wajib)As for circumcision, it is obligatory for men.
Permissible (Mubah)And it is not obligatory for them (women).
Preferred (Mustahabb)And it is an honor (or virtuous act) for women.
+ 5 more rulings
Transactions (Mu'amalat)66 topics
Sales, Exchange, and Contractual Options (Buyu', Sarf, Salam, Khiyar)
البيوع والصرف والسلم والخيارات(2264 rulings)Required (Wajib)And he (the seller) is obligated to return the price to the buyer, due to his admission of the sale's invalidity.
Permissible (Mubah)It is not obligatory (to pay rent for the transport time) because when the buyer agreed to keep the sold item, he implicitly agreed to the loss of benefit during the transport time.
Forbidden (Haram)If the buyer did not choose to keep the item, and the seller offered to leave the defect, and there was no harm in its remaining, then the buyer does not have the option (to rescind the sale) because the harm has been removed from him.
+ 2261 more rulings
Debts, Loans, and Transfers (Dayn, Qard, Hawalah, Ariyah)
الديون والقروض والحوالات والعارية(704 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And according to the second view, he (the transferee) may not seek recourse against him (the debtor).
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible (to lend bread by count and return it by count) because it is a weighted item, resembling other weighted items.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to take collateral for any fixed debt in one's liability that can be collected from the collateral, such as prices of sales, rent in leases, dowry, compensation for khula, loans, compensation for injuries, and values of destroyed items.
+ 701 more rulings
Property Rights, Ownership, and Pre-emption (Milk, Ihya al-Mawat, Shuf'ah)
حقوق الملكية والإحياء والشفعة(620 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)As for the decrease in land value resulting from planting and building, he (the buyer, if forced to remove them) is not liable for it, for the reasons they mentioned.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to use stratagems to nullify pre-emption.
If it (the path) is a passage that cannot be divided, then there is no pre-emption in it.
+ 617 more rulings
Partnerships and Profit-Sharing (Shirka, Mudarabah, Muzara'ah, Musaqah)
الشركات والمضاربة والمزارعة والمساقاة(522 rulings)Required (Wajib)The worker is entitled to the greater of two things: either what was stipulated for him as profit or a customary wage for his work.
Permissible (Mubah)If a man says to another: "Receive the money owed by so-and-so, and invest it as Mudarabah (profit-sharing partnership)," and he receives and invests it, this is permissible according to all scholars.
Forbidden (Haram)I asked Ahmad about a man who said: "Lend me a thousand [dirhams/dinars] for a month, then after the month, it will be Mudarabah (profit-sharing partnership)." He replied: "This is not valid, because once he lends it, it becomes a debt upon him, and we have mentioned that it is not permissible to enter into Mudarabah with a debt owed by oneself."
+ 519 more rulings
Leasing, Hiring, and Labor Contracts (Ijara)
عقود الإجارة والعمل(496 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one rents an animal for a task it was not created for, such as renting cows for riding or carrying, or renting camels and donkeys for plowing, it is permissible, because it is an intended benefit that can be obtained from the animal, and the Sharia has not forbidden it. Thus, it is permissible, just like tasks it was created for.
Permissible (Mubah)I hope he is not liable, and how could he be liable? If it is lost, he is not liable.
Permissible (Mubah)The leased item is a trust in the hand of the lessee; if it perishes without negligence, the lessee is not liable for it.
+ 493 more rulings
Pledges and Mortgages (Rahn)
الرهن(359 rulings)Required (Wajib)If it is not possible to maintain the pledged item (when it is feared to spoil), the ruler (judge) must sell it and make its price a pledge.
Forbidden (Haram)The debt should not be settled from its (the pledged item's) price because it is not permissible to accelerate the payment of a debt before its due date.
Permissible (Mubah)Pledging juice is valid because it is permissible to sell it.
+ 356 more rulings
Gifts, Donations, and Endowments (Hiba, Sadaqah, Waqf)
الهبات والتبرعات والأوقاف(270 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the endower stipulates in the endowment that he may spend from it on himself, the endowment and the condition are valid. Ahmad explicitly stated this.
Forbidden (Haram)Its original property [of a Waqf] is not to be sold, nor bought, nor gifted, nor inherited.
Permissible (Mubah)One of them (narrations from Ahmad regarding a gift that increased in a connected way) is that it does not prevent revocation.
+ 267 more rulings
Usurpation, Damages, and Compensation (Ghasb & Daman)
الغصب والإتلاف والتعويض(237 rulings)Required (Wajib)So its owner is entitled to its rental value, and he may demand it from either the borrower or the lender.
Required (Wajib)If someone usurps a slave, and the slave hunts game or earns something, it belongs to his master.
As for the slave girl, if she is returned, he does not get her replacement value.
+ 234 more rulings
Agency (Wakalah)
الوكالة(213 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)so it was permissible for him (the agent) to buy a defective item.
Forbidden (Haram)And the prohibition of selling for less than its market price.
Forbidden (Haram)And (there is a prohibition) from selling on credit.
+ 210 more rulings
riba interest
ربا الفائدة(203 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If its market price decreased or increased for that reason or due to a new factor in it, it is not permissible to sell it for less than its original price, just as if it were in its original condition.
Forbidden (Haram)Ibn Abi Musa said: It is not permissible, unless one goes to someone else to buy from them and it is not feasible for him, then it is permissible for him to return to the seller and buy from him.
Permissible (Mubah)If he bought it with an object, or its first sale was with an object, and then he bought it back with cash, it is permissible, and Abu Hanifa said this.
+ 200 more rulings
Guarantees and Suretyship (Daman & Kafalah)
الضمان والكفالة(103 rulings)When the term is due, if the guarantor presents and delivers the guaranteed person, he is absolved.
If the guaranteed person is absent or an apostate who has joined the land of war, the guarantor is not held liable for the right until enough time has passed to go to him and bring him back.
If enough time has passed for the guarantor to present him but he did not, or if the absence is continuous and his whereabouts unknown, or if he refused to present him despite being able, then the guarantor is held liable for what is due.
+ 100 more rulings
Slave Transactions and Manumission (Raqiq & Itq)
معاملات الرقيق والعتق(73 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If an interdicted person emancipates a slave, his act of emancipation is not valid.
Permissible (Mubah)Another narration (from Ahmad) states that his (the interdicted person's) act of emancipation is valid.
Forbidden (Haram)If we say his emancipation is not valid, then his confession (of emancipation) is not accepted.
+ 70 more rulings
Minor and Interdicted Persons' Transactions and Guardianship (Tasrufat al-Saghir wal-Mahjur)
تصرفات الصغير والمحجور عليه والولاية عليهم(36 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one buys the orphan's property for more than its market value, he has dealt with it in the best way. Because he is a representative of the father, and that is permissible for the father, so it is likewise for his representative.
Forbidden (Haram)The second view is that it is not valid, because he is interdicted due to his extravagance and poor management. If the guardian permits him, he has permitted something without benefit, so it is not valid.
Permissible (Mubah)If the guardian of a legally incompetent person (safeeh) permits him to buy and sell, is it valid from him? There are two views; one of them is that it is valid.
+ 33 more rulings
Liabilities, Trusts, and Deposits (Daman, Amanat, Wadi'ah)
المسؤولية والأمانات والودائع(32 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the garment is damaged while in his secure keeping, or not due to his action, then there is no liability upon him.
Required (Wajib)If he made a mistake and extracted a tooth other than the one he was instructed to extract, he is liable for it.
Required (Wajib)As for what is lost due to his transgression, he is liable for it without disagreement.
+ 29 more rulings
Business Ethics and Market Regulations (Adab al-Suq & Tas'ir)
آداب السوق والتسعير(29 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)As for condiments, sweets, honey, oil, and animal fodder, there is no prohibited hoarding in them.
Permissible (Mubah)It is apparent from this that in large countries with abundant facilities and imports, such as Baghdad, Basra, and Egypt, hoarding is not prohibited.
Permissible (Mubah)But if one purchases it when provisions are abundant and prices are low, in a way that does not cause hardship to anyone, then it is not prohibited.
+ 26 more rulings
Contracts - Formation, Conditions, and Validity (Uqud: Takwin, Shurut, Sihha)
العقود: التكوين والشروط والصحة(28 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)According to the analogy of our companions' view, the contract is valid, but the condition is void.
Permissible (Mubah)It is also possible that the condition is valid.
Permissible (Mubah)Regarding whether the (void) condition invalidates the contract, there are two views. The soundest of them is that it does not invalidate the contract, because it does not affect the lessor with benefit or harm, so it is nullified, and the contract remains valid according to its terms.
+ 25 more rulings
Dispute Resolution and Settlements (Sulh)
تسوية النزاعات والصلح(28 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)then the settlement is void.
Forbidden (Haram)And even if it is not stipulated, if he does not give some of his right except by waiving some of it, then it is also forbidden, because it diminishes his right.
Permissible (Mubah)And if he is unable, he has the right to annul it.
+ 25 more rulings
Specific Contracts (Uqud Khassah)
عقود خاصة ومتنوعة(17 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is possible that if the weaver produces the garment deficient only in width, he receives nothing.
Permissible (Mubah)If some of the specified animals in a grazing contract perish, the rental contract for that portion becomes void, and the shepherd is entitled to a proportionate wage for the remaining animals.
Permissible (Mubah)The lease is terminated upon the death of the wet nurse due to the loss of benefit with the destruction of its subject.
+ 14 more rulings
Insolvency Asset Management
إدارة أصول المفلس(13 rulings)Required (Wajib)Then, the pledged item (from the insolvent's assets) is sold, and the amount of the debt is paid to the mortgagee.
Required (Wajib)If any part of the mortgagee's debt remains, he shares in it with the other creditors.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended for the trustee (Ameen) to ask the buyer for cancellation (Iqalah) if the price increases after the contract becomes binding.
+ 10 more rulings
Guarantee and Compensation
الضمان والتعويض(12 rulings)Required (Wajib)The compensation of an item is obligatory with its like if it is from items that have equivalents.
Permissible (Mubah)Then the analogical deduction of the madhhab is that he is absolved (from compensation).
If he returns it to the place from which he took it, or to the owner's property, he is not absolved from its compensation.
+ 9 more rulings
+ 46 more topics in this category
worship29 topics
Preparation, Funeral Prayer, and Burial of the Deceased
تجهيز الميت والصلاة والدفن(288 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)She should not be buried in the Muslim cemetery.
Discouraged (Makruh)And the shroud should not be torn.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended that the shroud be white.
+ 285 more rulings
Adhan and Iqama
الأذان والإقامة(143 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to perform 'tathwib' (repeated call, e.g., 'Prayer is better than sleep') for any prayer other than Fajr, whether it is done during the adhan or after it.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to have more than two muezzins.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And if he is alone, he should make the Iqama for the prayer.
+ 140 more rulings
Grave Visitation, Condolences, and Mourning
زيارة القبور والتعزية والحداد(80 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked for women to visit graves.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked (makruh) to sit on graves and to lean on them.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked (makruh) to walk on graves.
+ 77 more rulings
Mosque Rulings and Etiquette
أحكام وآداب المساجد(78 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to interlace one's fingers.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And he says: "In the name of Allah, {Who created me, and He guides me} [Al-Shu'ara: 78] up to His saying: {except for him who comes to Allah with a sound heart} [Al-Shu'ara: 89]."
Preferred (Mustahabb)When he enters the mosque, he should put forward his right foot.
+ 75 more rulings
Dhikr, Dua, and Specific Prostrations
الذكر والدعاء والسجود الخاص(49 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one recites a verse of prostration in prayer at the end of a surah, then he may either bow (ruku') or prostrate (sujud) and then stand up and bow. This is explicitly stated.
Preferred (Mustahabb)They may say it, but they should conceal it within themselves.
Preferred (Mustahabb)So, its performance is recommended.
+ 46 more rulings
General Etiquette, Social Interactions, and Earnings
الآداب العامة والمكاسب(35 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)I dislike the teacher's wage if it is stipulated as a condition.
Permissible (Mubah)If he is given something, he may take it.
Discouraged (Makruh)He (the teacher) should not ask for it, nor stipulate a condition.
+ 32 more rulings
Quran Recitation and Mushaf Etiquette
تلاوة القرآن وأحكام المصحف(31 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to recite Surat Al-Kahf on Friday.
Preferred (Mustahabb)I found the people of good from the early generations of this Ummah considering it recommended to complete the Qur'an at the beginning of the night and at the beginning of the day.
Discouraged (Makruh)So he (Ahmad) did not consider it recommended to connect his recitation's conclusion with reading anything.
+ 28 more rulings
Haram and Madinah Sanctuaries
الحرمين الشريفين(30 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one wishes to seek blessing from the perfume of the Kaaba, he should bring perfume from his own possession, apply it to the House, and then take it back.
Discouraged (Makruh)Nor should one bring (soil) into it (the Haram) from the non-sacred area (Hill).
Permissible (Mubah)That is, there is no harm in residing in Mecca for those who did not emigrate from it (such as people from other lands).
+ 27 more rulings
Principles of Belief, Legal Competence, and General Worship
أصول الإيمان والتكليف والعبادة(26 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)He is not obligated to make them up after embracing Islam.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Leave what makes you doubt for what does not make you doubt.
Preferred (Mustahabb)(Regarding a matter whose origin is unknown, such as a man whose wealth is mixed with halal and haram, this is a doubtful matter) which it is better to leave.
+ 23 more rulings
Expiations, Vows, and Emancipation
الكفارات والنذور والعتق(21 rulings)The expiation for intercourse with a menstruating woman is waived due to inability to fulfill it, or part of it, just like the expiation for intercourse in Ramadan.
Forbidden (Haram)it is not permissible for him to take anything in compensation for its defect (if freed as expiation).
Required (Wajib)If he breaks his oath, or reverts in his zihar, or an expiation is incumbent upon him due to killing or intercourse during a Ramadan day, he must expiate by fasting for that.
+ 18 more rulings
Specific Worship Occasions and Travel
عبادات خاصة والسفر(18 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to stand in the first part of the rain and bring out one's belongings to be touched by the rain.
Preferred (Mustahabb)When the Imam decides to go out for the prayer, it is recommended that he appoints a day for the people to go out and orders them to repent from sins, clear themselves of injustices, fast, give charity, and abandon disputes, in order to make their supplication closer to being answered.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to bring out animals, because the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not do so.
+ 15 more rulings
Care for the Dying and Immediate Post-Death Procedures
أحكام المحتضر وما بعد الوفاة مباشرة(16 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended that the gentlest of his family, the most knowledgeable of their care, and the most God-fearing should attend to the sick person.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And if he sees him on the brink of death, he should moisten his throat by dripping water or a drink into it, and moisten his lips with a cotton swab.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Turning (the dying person) towards the Qibla is recommended to be done before death.
+ 13 more rulings
Number of Shroud Garments
عدد أثواب الكفن(7 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to exceed three garments in the shroud.
Permissible (Mubah)And if a boy is shrouded in three garments, there is no harm.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no dispute among them that one garment suffices for him [a boy].
+ 4 more rulings
Forbidden Ascetic Practices
ممارسات الزهد المحرمة(5 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)that this is not permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)And if he wishes to perform it (such an act), he is not allowed to do so, whether he vowed it or not.
Forbidden (Haram)'There is no silence from day until night.'
+ 2 more rulings
Grave Form and Height
شكل القبر وارتفاعه(5 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to bury in a coffin.
Discouraged (Makruh)The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) forbade adding more soil to the grave than what came out of its excavation.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to raise the grave except a little.
+ 2 more rulings
Religious Obligations and Child Discipline
الواجبات الشرعية وتأديب الصغار(5 rulings)Required (Wajib)He is killed as a legal punishment (hadd), while his status as a Muslim is maintained.
Required (Wajib)Allah urged His believing servants to go forth to gain understanding in religion, saying – and He is the most truthful of speakers: "Why then does not a party from every group among them go forth to gain understanding in religion, and that they may warn their people when they return to them, so that they may beware?"
Required (Wajib)He is killed for his disbelief like an apostate, so he is not washed, nor shrouded, nor buried among Muslims, nor does anyone inherit from him, nor does he inherit from anyone.
+ 2 more rulings
Rulings on Crescent Sighting
أحكام رؤية الهلال(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a trustworthy informant informs someone of the sighting of the crescent, fasting becomes obligatory for them.
Required (Wajib)The implication of this is that it is obligatory for him to accept the news, even if the judge rejects it.
Permissible (Mubah)Therefore, if a judge rules based on the sighting [of the crescent] by the testimony of one witness, it is permissible.
+ 1 more ruling
Drinking Zamzam Water
شرب ماء زمزم(3 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to come to Zamzam, drink from its water for whatever one wishes, and drink to one's fill.
Preferred (Mustahabb)One should say when drinking: 'In the name of Allah. O Allah, make it for us beneficial knowledge, vast provision, quenching and satiation, a cure from every illness, and wash my heart with it, and fill it with Your wisdom.'
Preferred (Mustahabb)When you drink from it, face the Kaaba, mention Allah's name, breathe three times while drinking from Zamzam, drink to your fill, and when you finish, praise Allah the Almighty.
Priority in Burial
أولوية الدفن(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one has relatives who have died, one should start with burying the one whose body is feared to decompose first.
Preferred (Mustahabb)If they are equal in closeness (of relationship), then the most honorable and best of them should be given precedence.
Required (Wajib)If they are equal in that (fear of decomposition), one should start with the closest relative, according to the order of financial support (nafaqat).
Priority in Calling Adhan
أولوية الأذان(2 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)One should not call the adhan before the regular muezzin.
Permissible (Mubah)Unless he (the regular muezzin) is absent and there is a fear of missing the time for the adhan, then someone else should call it.
+ 9 more topics in this category
Zakat12 topics
Zakat on Monetary Wealth and Trade Goods
زكاة الأموال النقدية وعروض التجارة(718 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one owns twenty-five camels in Muharram and five in Safar, then for the first (twenty-five), upon the completion of its year, a bint makhadh (young female camel) is due, and nothing is due for the five, according to the first approach.
Required (Wajib)And according to the second approach: a sixth of a bint makhadh is due upon him.
Required (Wajib)And according to the third approach, one sheep is due upon him for them (the five camels).
+ 715 more rulings
Zakat on Agriculture and Produce
زكاة الزروع والثمار(221 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)As for advancing the tithe from crops and fruits, the apparent statement of the Qadi is that it is not permissible.
Required (Wajib)unless he intends by that to flee from zakat, in which case he is liable for it, and it is not waived from him.
Required (Wajib)And its Zakat is upon him (the seller).
+ 218 more rulings
Recipients and Distribution of Zakat
مصارف الزكاة وتوزيعها(180 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to give it directly to those under guardianship (i.e., zakat recipients when the Imam is collecting), just as a guardian of an orphan would not give it directly to the orphan.
Forbidden (Haram)The second narration is that it does not suffice (the Zakat payment is not valid).
Permissible (Mubah)The one with no child is permitted to give his zakat to his brother.
+ 177 more rulings
Zakat al-Fitr
زكاة الفطر(172 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Then, if one deviates from the obligatory (type) to a higher one, it is permissible.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to give out hareesah, kaboola, or similar processed foods (as Zakat al-Fitr) for that reason (i.e., they are not typically weighed or stored as staple grains).
Required (Wajib)He should disburse it (Zakat al-Fitr) in the country where it became obligatory upon him.
+ 169 more rulings
Zakat on Livestock
زكاة الأنعام(45 rulings)Required (Wajib)The second view is that Zakat is due on him.
If the usurped animal was pasturing (sā'imah) but fed (ma'lūfah) by both its owner and the usurper, then there is no Zakat on it.
Pasturing (sā'imah) is a condition for the obligation of Zakat.
+ 42 more rulings
Voluntary Charity (Sadaqah)
الصدقة والتطوع(44 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Do not return in your charity by buying it, for the one who returns in his charity is like one who returns in his vomit.
Preferred (Mustahabb)O assembly of women, give in charity, even if it is from your ornaments.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no disagreement regarding the permissibility of giving good deeds (charity) to a Hashemite, forgiving them, and granting them respite.
+ 41 more rulings
Zakat on Minerals, Buried Treasure, and Sea Products
زكاة المعادن والركاز ومنتجات البحر(18 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And because the default principle is that there is no obligation upon it (i.e., ambergris).
Permissible (Mubah)Malik and Shafi'i said: Zakat is not due except on gold and silver.
Required (Wajib)Abu Hanifa said, in one of the narrations from him: Zakat is due on all malleable metals, such as lead, iron, and copper, but not on others.
+ 15 more rulings
Zakat Administration and Collection
إدارة الزكاة وتحصيلها(14 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)He should not be judged as an unbeliever.
Required (Wajib)He should be given three opportunities to repent.
Required (Wajib)[If the Imam gains control over him but not his wealth], he should be called to pay Zakat.
+ 11 more rulings
Khums (One-Fifth Tax) and Spoils of War
الخمس والغنيمة(10 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is recounted that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz took the fifth (Khums) from ambergris.
Required (Wajib)Rikaz (buried treasure) on which Khums (one-fifth) is due includes all types of wealth, such as gold, silver, iron, lead, brass, copper, utensils, and other similar items.
Required (Wajib)The Khums (one-fifth) is obligatory on both small and large amounts of Rikaz (buried treasure).
+ 7 more rulings
Zakat on Jewelry
زكاة الحلي(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)Unless one intends to break and melt it, in which case Zakat is due on it then.
If jewelry is broken in a way that does not prevent its use and wearing, it is like intact jewelry, and there is no Zakat on it.
Required (Wajib)If the breakage prevents its use, then Al-Qadi said: In my opinion, Zakat is due on it.
+ 1 more ruling
Financial Obligations for Non-Muslims (Dhimmis)
الأحكام المالية المتعلقة بالذمي(2 rulings)Required (Wajib)If they (Dhimmis) buy it (such land), the 'ushr (tithe) is doubled for them, and one-fifth is taken from them.
Permissible (Mubah)there is no 'ushr (tithe) upon him (the Dhimmi) for what comes out of it (the land), because it is zakat, and zakat is not obligatory upon a Dhimmi, like the zakat on grazing livestock.
General Principles and Obligation of Zakat
فريضة الزكاة وأحكامها العامة(2 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And it (buying back charity) is also a means to giving the monetary value (instead of the item itself), and that is prohibited.
Required (Wajib)And the consideration (for the Iraqi ratl measurement) is given to the first [standard] before the increase.