Hanbali School
المذهب الحنبلي
Founded by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780-855 CE). Predominant in the Arabian Peninsula.
19,757 rulings across 201 topics in 14 categories
Dress & Adornment3 topics
General Dress Codes and Awrah
أحكام اللباس العامة والعورة(176 rulings)Required (Wajib)That he (the Prophet, PBUH) commanded 'talahhi' (wrapping the turban under the chin).
Permissible (Mubah)And it is permissible to use brocade garments.
Forbidden (Haram)And he (the Prophet, PBUH) forbade 'iqti'at' (wearing a turban without anything under the chin).
+ 173 more rulings
Adornment and Personal Grooming
الزينة والتزين الشخصي(106 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to pluck grey hair.
Preferred (Mustahabb)The Prophet (peace be upon him) liked burying blood.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to make the setting of one's ring a precious jewel.
+ 103 more rulings
Rules of Gaze (Ghad al-Basar)
أحكام غض البصر(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)But he must avert his gaze (from the hired woman).
Family Law15 topics
Marriage and Marital Etiquette
النكاح وآدابه(107 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Agency is not valid in dividing time among wives.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for a woman to undertake the marriage contract herself, and thus it is not permissible for her to act as an agent in it, like a woman.
Permissible (Mubah)It is valid to appoint a slave as an agent for accepting marriage.
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Guardianship and Tutelage
الولاية والوصاية(63 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The father is permitted to mortgage from himself for his child and from his child for himself.
Required (Wajib)And if keeping the orphan's money separate is more beneficial for him, then one must keep it separate.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Whenever mixing the orphan's money with one's own is more beneficial for the orphan, makes bread softer, and makes it easier to obtain condiments, then it is preferable.
+ 60 more rulings
Inheritance
الميراث(53 rulings)Required (Wajib)Nothing is transferred to the heir from the deceased's wealth except what remains after his essential needs, as well as the cost of his burial and preparation, and whatever is indispensable for the deceased.
Forbidden (Haram)Some of our companions said: He is not allowed to take it.
Forbidden (Haram)Nothing should be bought from her (an heir) while she is ignorant, lest she thinks it is little while the other knows it is much. One should not buy until she knows and understands what it is.
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Gifts and Financial Dispositions
العطايا والتصرفات المالية(43 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)And its (preferential gifting without a valid reason) minimum state is makruh (disliked).
Discouraged (Makruh)And there is no disagreement regarding the dislike (makruh) of this (preferential gifting among children without justification).
Permissible (Mubah)If someone singles out some of their children for a gift due to a reason necessitating such a specialization, such as one's need, infirmity, blindness, large family, engagement in knowledge, or similar virtues, or if one withholds a gift from some of their children due to their immorality, innovation, or because they use what they receive to disobey Allah or spend it on sin, then it has been narrated from Ahmad what indicates the permissibility of that.
+ 40 more rulings
Establishing and Denying Lineage
إثبات ونفي النسب(35 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If she becomes pregnant (from one who believes she is his property), the child is free, and paternity is attributed to him due to the element of doubt (shubha).
Forbidden (Haram)If he requests an oath regarding that (the established lineage), he is not made to swear it.
Required (Wajib)The confessed person must be someone whose statement is not taken into account, like a minor or an insane person; or they must affirm the confessor's statement if they are of sound mind and responsible (mukallaf). If they are not mukallaf, their affirmation is not considered.
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Divorce and Marital Dissolution
الطلاق والفرقة الزوجية(23 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And in his (the husband's) right, it is a valid khula.
Forbidden (Haram)If she pays him money to admit to divorcing her, it is not permissible, according to one of the two views.
Forbidden (Haram)If a woman claims her husband divorced her three times, and he reconciles with her for money so she withdraws her claim, it is not permissible. This is because it is not permissible for her to offer herself to her divorcee, whether with or without compensation.
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Sexual Relations and Their Consequences
أحكام الوطء(23 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he has sexual intercourse with her, knowing it is forbidden, then he incurs the prescribed punishment (hadd).
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for the pledgee to have sexual intercourse with a pledged female slave, by scholarly consensus.
Required (Wajib)His child from her is free.
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Slavery-Related Family Rulings
أحكام الرقيق والأسرة(20 rulings)Required (Wajib)And the seller is entitled to the lesser of the two amounts, either the price or the dowry, due to their agreement on his deserving of that.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to separate him (the child) from his mother.
Permissible (Mubah)And his lineage is attributed to him.
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Maintenance (Nafaqah)
النفقة(18 rulings)Required (Wajib)And its (the child's) upkeep is upon him (the purchaser).
Permissible (Mubah)And he (the brother with no child) is not obligated to provide maintenance for him (his brother).
Required (Wajib)The father of the son is obligated to provide maintenance for his brother.
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Mahram and Seclusion
أحكام المحارم والخلوة(11 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)(Imam Ahmad) said: 'She must not travel, whether a short or long journey, except with a mahram.'
Forbidden (Haram)A woman must not travel unless she is accompanied by a mahram.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day to travel for a day's journey unless she is accompanied by a mahram (unmarriageable kin).
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Breastfeeding and Fosterage
الرضاع والحضانة(10 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is only permissible for wet-nursing.
Forbidden (Haram)Agency is not valid in matters of fosterage.
Forbidden (Haram)None of these slave women (his slave woman, mudabbara, umm walad, etc.) are permitted to hire themselves out.
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Child Rearing and Parental Rights
تربية الأبناء وحقوق الوالدين(9 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)[Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz] wrote to his governors: 'Do not impose [obligations] except upon one who has reached fifteen years of age.'
As for age, puberty for boys and girls is at fifteen years.
Required (Wajib)And (it is commanded to) separate them (children) in beds upon reaching it (age ten).
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Wills and Bequests
الوصايا(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)A bequest to an heir is valid, according to the soundest of two narrations, and is contingent upon the approval of the other heirs.
Permissible (Mubah)If a man lends another dirhams and says, 'If I die, you are absolved,' it is considered a will.
Required (Wajib)A will is binding on the heir.
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Iddah and Mourning
العدة والحداد(1 ruling)Forbidden (Haram)Imam Ahmad said: A woman in ihram and a woman whose husband has died must abandon perfume and adornment.
Naming
التسمية(1 ruling)Preferred (Mustahabb)If it is not clear whether the miscarried fetus is male or female, it should be given a name suitable for both male and female.
Fasting (Sawm)9 topics
Categories of Fasting
أنواع الصيام(278 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)The people of knowledge disliked fasting on the Day of Doubt and anticipating Ramadan by a day or two, due to the Prophet's prohibition of it.
Permissible (Mubah)If a traveler intended to fast during his journey, then decided to break it, he is permitted to do so.
Required (Wajib)But if there is a long distance between them, such as Iraq, Hijaz, and Sham, then each city's people have their own sighting.
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Itikaf (Spiritual Retreat)
الاعتكاف(221 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)He is permitted to leave i'tikaf and exit, because this is among the matters for which Allah Almighty permitted the abandonment of an obligation by original Shar' (like Friday prayer and congregational prayer), so it is even more permissible to leave what one has made obligatory upon oneself.
Forbidden (Haram)If he leaves (the mosque during `itikaf`) for something he has an alternative for, his `itikaf` is nullified, even if the duration is short.
Recommended (Sunnah)We do not know of any disagreement among scholars that it (I'tikaf) is Sunnah.
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Things that Invalidate Fasting
مبطلات الصيام(126 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one thinks (sexual thoughts) and ejaculates, their fast is not invalidated.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Abdullah asked his father (Ahmad) about a fasting person twisting threads, and he replied: 'I like for him to spit.'
Discouraged (Makruh)And if he finds its taste (from the coin in his mouth), I do not like it.
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Fidyah and Kaffarah (Expiation and Redemption)
الفدية والكفارة(112 rulings)Required (Wajib)If the `Qarin` cannot find `dam` (a sacrificial animal), he must fast three days, the last of which is the Day of Arafat, and seven days when he returns home.
Required (Wajib)If she was able to make up the fast but did not do so until she died, a poor person should be fed on her behalf for each day.
If one paid fidyah (expiatory feeding) while despairing of making up the fast, and then later became able to fast, it is possible that fasting is no longer obligatory for him, because his obligation was discharged by paying the fidyah which was due.
+ 109 more rulings
Prohibited and Disliked Fasting Days
أيام يحرم صومها والمكروه(9 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not allowed to fast on the two Eid days, nor on the days of Tashreeq, neither as an obligatory fast nor as a voluntary one.
Forbidden (Haram)If one intends to fast on these days (Eid or Tashreeq), they are disobedient, and it does not suffice for an obligatory fast.
Forbidden (Haram)Scholars have agreed that fasting on the two Eid days is prohibited and forbidden for voluntary fasts, absolute vows, missed (qada') fasts, and expiatory fasts.
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Making Up Missed Fasts (Qada')
قضاء الصوم(8 rulings)Required (Wajib)And as for vows, fasting should be done on his behalf.
Required (Wajib)Whoever dies with fasts due upon him, his guardian should fast on his behalf.
Required (Wajib)Then fast on behalf of your mother.
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Fasting Exemptions and Specific Rulings
أحكام الصائم والأعذار المبيحة للفطر(7 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)Ahmad said: I do not like for the fasting person to use siwak in the afternoon.
Discouraged (Makruh)Ahmad and Ishaq considered it recommended (mustahabb) to avoid using the siwak in the afternoon (for a fasting person).
Permissible (Mubah)The people of knowledge saw no harm in using a dry siwak stick at the beginning of the day (while fasting).
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Intention for Fasting
نية الصيام(7 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If one intends on the night of doubt, saying, 'If tomorrow is Ramadan, I am fasting it as an obligatory fast, otherwise it is a voluntary fast,' then according to the first narration, it is not sufficient.
Permissible (Mubah)And it is sufficient according to the other narration.
Permissible (Mubah)If one had an obligatory fast from year five but intended to fast for year six, or intended to fast for Sunday but it was Monday, or thought tomorrow was Sunday and intended for it but it was Monday, their fast is valid.
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General Conditions and Principles of Fasting
الشروط والأحكام العامة للصيام(1 ruling)Permissible (Mubah)Continuity is not obligatory.
Food & Drink4 topics
Hunting and Slaughter (Dhabihah)
الصيد والذبيحة(72 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If both the game and the hunter are in the non-sacred area, and the hunter shoots an arrow or sends his dog at the game, and the game enters the sacred area (Haram) then exits it and is killed in the non-sacred area, there is no penalty for it.
Forbidden (Haram)The game within the sacred area (Haram) should not be disturbed or frightened away.
Required (Wajib)A penalty is due for killing a bird on a branch in the non-sacred area ( حل ) if its root is in the sacred area ( حرم ).
+ 69 more rulings
Halal and Haram Food and Drink
الطعام والشراب الحلال والحرام(50 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)As for domestic cats, they are forbidden.
Permissible (Mubah)(According to Malik, Awza'i, and Dawud) if they (dogs/pigs) lap in food, eating it is not forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)Imam Ahmad said regarding the Magians: Only fruit should be eaten from their food.
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Eating Etiquette and the Use of Gold and Silver Utensils
آداب الطعام والشراب واستعمال آنية الذهب والفضة(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Their acquisition (or use) is forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)The one who drinks from gold and silver vessels is only gurgling the fire of Hell in his stomach.
Forbidden (Haram)Do not drink from gold and silver vessels, and do not eat from their plates.
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Lawful and Unlawful Food Acquisition
طرق كسب الطعام الحلال والحرام(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permitted for everyone to gather them (the leftover ears of grain).
Required (Wajib)Feed it to the captives. (Referring to the unlawfully acquired sheep mentioned in the narrative)
Hajj & Umrah6 topics
Ihram, its Prohibitions, and Expiations
الإحرام ومحظوراته وجناياته(802 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)And it is recommended that they (the two garments of ihram) be clean; either new or washed.
Required (Wajib)And the command for it (ghusl for Ihram) was not narrated except for a menstruating woman or a woman in post-natal bleeding.
Required (Wajib)Whoever's home is within the Miqat, their starting point for ihram is from their home.
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General Hajj Principles, Types, and Entry
أحكام الحج وشروطه وأنواعه ومناسكه العامة والدخول(708 rulings)Required (Wajib)This (expiation) is among its (the Hajj's) requirements, so it falls upon him (the slave).
Permissible (Mubah)Combining Hajj with Umrah is permissible by consensus.
It is not sufficient for the slave.
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Sacrificial Animal (Hady)
الهدي(295 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)If he does not slaughter it with his own hand, then it is recommended for him to witness its slaughter.
Forbidden (Haram)Do not eat from it, neither you nor anyone from your companions.
Required (Wajib)If he eats from it, or sells it, or feeds a rich person, or his companions, he must compensate with an equivalent amount of meat.
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Tawaf and Sa'i
الطواف والسعي(219 rulings)Required (Wajib)If one performs Sa'i after his Tawaf, then realizes that he performed Tawaf without purity, that Sa'i is not counted.
Required (Wajib)So it is obligatory to perform it (Tawaf) in a valid state of ihram.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Imam Ahmad said, 'And it is more beloved to me that when one leaves [Makkah], he performs the farewell circumambulation of the House.'
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Special Circumstances and Proxy Hajj
الإحصار وفوات الحج والحج بالنيابة(43 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If they (the blockers) are polytheists, fighting them is not obligatory.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to fight them (the Muslim blockers).
Preferred (Mustahabb)If the enemy preventing the pilgrim is Muslim, and it is possible to depart, then departing is preferable to fighting them.
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Rituals of Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina
مناسك عرفة ومزدلفة ومنى(10 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to frequently remember Allah and supplicate on the Day of Arafah.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And it is recommended to supplicate with the reported supplications.
Preferred (Mustahabb)He should lower his hands and remain silent for the duration a person would recite Surat Al-Fatihah, then he returns to raise his hands and says the like of that (supplication).
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inheritance1 topic
Acknowledgment to an Heir During Death Illness
الإقرار لوارث في مرض الموت(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If he acknowledges to someone who is not an heir, and that person then becomes an heir, his acknowledgment to him is valid.
Permissible (Mubah)If he acknowledges to an heir, and that person then ceases to be an heir (e.g., a man acknowledges to his brother when he has no child, then a son is born to him), his acknowledgment to him is not valid.
Permissible (Mubah)Muhammad ibn al-Hasan said it is accepted because she reached a state where he is not accused (of favoritism).
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Judicial Matters15 topics
Legal Obligations, Guarantees, and Agency
الضمان والكفالة والوكالة(237 rulings)Required (Wajib)If the owner holds the buyer liable, the buyer must compensate him for the highest value the item had from the time he took possession until its destruction.
Required (Wajib)If the owner holds the usurper liable, the usurper must compensate him for the highest value the item had from the time of usurpation until its destruction.
Permissible (Mubah)If a usurped item diminished in value while with the usurper, and then the usurper sold it, and it was subsequently destroyed while with the buyer, the owner has the option to hold either of them liable.
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Acknowledgement & Confession (Iqrar)
الإقرار والاعتراف(80 rulings)If someone makes an acknowledgement to an heir, it is void.
Abu Hanifa said: Its interpretation (of 'wealth' in an acknowledgment) is not accepted with anything other than wealth subject to zakat.
Permissible (Mubah)If one acknowledges having 'wealth,' its interpretation as little or much wealth is accepted (by the Hanbalis and Shafi'is).
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Legal Capacity, Guardianship & Authority of Executors
الأهلية والولاية والأوصياء(53 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to disclose his insolvency.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And to have witnesses to it.
Required (Wajib)If a right is established against him by evidence, its owner shares [the bankrupt's assets] with the other creditors.
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Property Rights & Disputes
حقوق الملكية والمنازعات(43 rulings)Required (Wajib)He is compelled to remove that (which causes harm, such as a wall feared to collapse).
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for him (the owner of the air-space) to destroy them (the branches) if removal without destruction is possible without undue hardship or expense.
Required (Wajib)If he built a room above the house (due to an invalid settlement), he is compelled to demolish it.
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Judicial Process, Evidence & Ethics
الإجراءات القضائية والشهادة وأخلاقياتها(21 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to appoint an agent for the establishment of punishments (hudud).
Permissible (Mubah)And Al-Qadi said: It is valid.
Permissible (Mubah)Reconciliation among Muslims is permissible.
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Slave Legal Status & Offenses
أحكام العبيد وجناياتهم(20 rulings)Required (Wajib)And he ransoms them with their value on the day of birth.
Required (Wajib)And their ransom is upon him.
Required (Wajib)That he ransoms them by their value.
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Homicide, Retaliation (Qisas) & Blood Money (Diyah)
أحكام القتل والقصاص والدية(19 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he pardons for compensation, his pardon is valid, and the lesser of the two values is obligatory (as compensation).
Required (Wajib)And if the one who had intercourse (under misapprehension) strikes her abdomen and she miscarries the fetus stillborn, then upon him is the `ghurrah` also.
Required (Wajib)If a stranger strikes her abdomen and she miscarries a stillborn fetus, then upon the assailant is a `ghurrah`—a male or female slave for the owner, amounting to the lesser of the fetus's blood money (`arsh`) or its value on the day it was miscarried.
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Hadd Punishment for Apostasy
حد الردة(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)He is not obligated to make up what he missed during his apostasy (according to a third, preferred opinion).
Permissible (Mubah)And if he does not remain steadfast upon it (Islam), then he is an apostate, and the rulings of apostates apply to him.
Forbidden (Haram)He is not to be judged as an apostate, because he is excused.
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War, Rebels & Non-Muslims (International Fiqh)
أحكام الحرب والبغاة وأهل الذمة(7 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And if the land is transferred to a Muslim, no kharaj is obligatory on it for that reason.
Required (Wajib)And the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, agreed to fight those who withhold it (Zakat).
Required (Wajib)As for the land whose people abandoned it out of fear of the Muslims, it becomes an endowment (waqf) simply by virtue of the Muslims gaining control over it.
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Hadd Punishment for Zina and Illicit Relations
حد الزنا والوطء المحرم(5 rulings)Then there is no prescribed punishment (`hadd`) upon him (the usurper if ignorant or mistaken).
Permissible (Mubah)If the sold item was a female slave and the buyer had intercourse with her, there is no hadd punishment upon him because he believed she was his property.
Required (Wajib)Whoever usurps a slave girl, has intercourse with her, and she conceives, he is liable for the prescribed punishment (hadd), her master takes her and her children, and he must pay her customary dowry.
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General Legal Principles & Sources of Law
أصول العدالة وحجية الإجماع(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)nor is it permissible to nullify any Muslim's right (through stratagem).
Forbidden (Haram)This thus constitutes a consensus of the Companions – may Allah be pleased with them – and it is not permissible for anyone to oppose it.
Forbidden (Haram)This is a text whose contravention is not permissible except with something similar or stronger.
Hadd Punishment for Slander (Qadhf)
حد القذف(3 rulings)The Hadd punishment [for slander] is nullified if the slandered person dies.
Forbidden (Haram)Slandering chaste, believing, unaware women is listed among the seven destructive sins that must be avoided.
Permissible (Mubah)He is entitled to enforce it on behalf of his deceased brother, if we consider the hadd punishment obligatory for slandering her.
Hadd Punishments (General Principles)
الحدود وأصول تطبيقها(3 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)and it is forbidden to keep him.
Furthermore, hadd punishments are averted by doubts, unlike financial liability (ḍamān).
Required (Wajib)The punishment of cutting (the hand) is a hadd punishment that is not obligated except by breaching a protected place (hirz) and taking the entire property.
Theft and Restitution of Stolen Property
السرقة ورد المسروقات(3 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Whoever finds his property with a man, he is more entitled to it.
Required (Wajib)It became obligatory for him (the freed slave) to return the stolen item to the one for whom he confessed.
Permissible (Mubah)(Ahmad said concerning a man who finds his stolen item with someone else who claims it as his own:) it is his property, he takes it.
Conditions for Legal Validity & Protection
شروط التصرفات الشرعية وعصمة الدم والمال(1 ruling)Required (Wajib)I have been commanded to fight people until they say 'There is no god but Allah.' If they say it, their lives and property are protected from me, except by its right.
Oaths & Vows2 topics
Oaths and Procedures in Judiciary and Legal Transactions
الأيمان والإجراءات في القضاء والمعاملات القانونية(842 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If one witness says: 'I testify that he appointed him as an agent,' and the other says: 'I testify that he permitted him to act,' the testimony is complete. This is because they did not narrate the exact wording of the principal but rather expressed it in their own words, and a difference in their wording does not affect it if their meaning agrees.
If he denies authorization for the payment, his word is accepted with his oath, and his case is treated like someone who paid another's debt without permission.
Permissible (Mubah)And if a judge were to do that, there would be no sin upon him for it.
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General Oaths and Vows
الأيمان والنذور العامة(44 rulings)Required (Wajib)And he must expiate by fasting.
Required (Wajib)Then he must swear an oath that he was not an adult when he confessed.
Required (Wajib)Emancipation becomes obligatory upon him if he is able to (if the interdiction is lifted before expiation).
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other21 topics
Public Rights, Resources, and Land Management
الحقوق والموارد العامة وإدارة الأراضي(81 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If someone sits in a public space and prolongs their stay, they should be prevented from doing so, because they become like an owner.
Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for him to water with all the water.
Required (Wajib)If it is not possible for them to share, they should draw lots between them, and the one whose lot is drawn is given precedence.
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Usul al-Fiqh and Legal Methodology
أصول الفقه والمنهجية الفقهية(47 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If they are equal in his view, he may follow whichever of them he wishes.
Forbidden (Haram)Establishing abrogation based on mere possibility is not permissible.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory to extract the legal cause (illah) of a ruling and to establish it in every instance where its cause is found.
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Governance and Public Order
الحكم والنظام العام(41 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in accepting gifts from the ruler.
Forbidden (Haram)As it is not permissible to delay clarification beyond its due time.
Permissible (Mubah)If he were to divorce, confess, or emancipate while sleeping, the legal ruling of that would not be binding upon him.
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Death, Burial, and Mourning
أحكام الموت والدفن والعزاء(38 rulings)Required (Wajib)The precedence of preparing the deceased and the cost of his burial over his debts is agreed upon.
Forbidden (Haram)The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) disavowed the 'Salqah' (one who raises her voice in wailing), the 'Haliqah' (one who shaves her head), and the 'Shaqqah' (one who tears her garments).
Preferred (Mustahabb)If one removes his sandals (when entering a graveyard with thorns), it is good and more cautious.
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Slavery, Manumission, and Wala'
الرق، العتق، والولاء(38 rulings)Required (Wajib)He (the slave) is free. And the slave must return the wages for four years of service.
He (the slave) is free the moment his master dies.
Permissible (Mubah)If the authorized agent buys someone who would be freed upon the owner of the capital with his permission, it is valid, and the person is freed.
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Animal Rulings and Welfare
أحكام الحيوان ورعايته(34 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)As for raising a small puppy for one of the three purposes (hunting, livestock, or farming), it is permissible according to the stronger of the two views.
Forbidden (Haram)And if one keeps it for guarding homes, it is not permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)So kill every jet-black one among them.
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General Islamic Etiquette and Ethics
الآداب والأخلاق العامة(23 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)resemblance to monasticism, which is prohibited.
Forbidden (Haram)"O Prophet, why do you prohibit what Allah has made lawful for you?" [Al-Tahrim: 1]. And this is not exclusive to him.
Forbidden (Haram)Agency is not valid in usurpation (ghasb).
+ 20 more rulings
Wills, Endowments, and Guardianship
الوصايا والأوقاف والوصاية(21 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Al-Qadi said: It is permissible for the guardian to do that (delegate what he usually performs himself).
Forbidden (Haram)He is not allowed to dig a canal in the waqf land because he does not own it; rather, he only utilizes its usufruct, just like rented land.
Permissible (Mubah)It is preferable that he is permitted to dig the canal because the land is for him, and he has the right to dispose of it as he wishes, as long as ownership is not transferred to another, unlike a lessee.
+ 18 more rulings
Neighborly Rights and Property
حقوق الجار والملكية(20 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If a person has a well with water, and another person digs a well close to it such that the water from the first well drains into it, then it is not permissible for him to do that.
Required (Wajib)And according to us, it is a right that must be enabled (referring to a neighbor placing wood on an adjoining wall).
Required (Wajib)He should visit them and try to persuade them to leave (the usurped land).
+ 17 more rulings
Adornment, Utensils, and Purity (of Objects)
أحكام الزينة والأواني والطهارة(17 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is forbidden to possess (or make) gold and silver vessels.
Forbidden (Haram)Abu al-Khattab said: A small amount of silver is not permissible except out of necessity, because the hadith only mentioned repairing the cup at the place of the break, and that was for a need.
Permissible (Mubah)Al-Qadi said: A small amount of silver is permissible, whether there is a need or not, as we mentioned, except that what is directly used from it, such as a ring (or handle), is not permissible, while what is not directly used, such as a patch, is permissible.
+ 14 more rulings
Found Items and Buried Treasure
اللقطة والركاز(12 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the heirs agree that the buried treasure did not belong to their deceased, then it belongs to the first owner.
Permissible (Mubah)This indicates that the Rikaz (buried treasure) belongs to its finder.
Required (Wajib)He is obligated to return it (an item like a garment blown into his house) to its owner, because its owner did not permit him to keep it.
+ 9 more rulings
Legal Stratagems (Hiyal)
الحيل الشرعية(11 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)Some Shafi'i scholars consider it disliked for them to enter into a sale based on such a stratagem, because anything whose condition is not permissible in a contract is disliked to be entered into.
Permissible (Mubah)All of that and its likes are permissible if not stipulated in the contract, according to Abu Hanifa and Shafi'i.
Forbidden (Haram)So, everything of this nature that is done by way of a legal stratagem is evil and forbidden.
+ 8 more rulings
Warfare, Spoils, and International Relations
أحكام الحرب والغنائم والعلاقات الدولية(10 rulings)Required (Wajib)And every place conquered by force is an endowment for the Muslims.
Permissible (Mubah)Thus, each of the two matters (dividing or endowing conquered land) was permissible, and the decision in that regard belongs to the Imam, who may do whatever he deems appropriate.
Permissible (Mubah)If a person is able to acquire rukaz in enemy territory by themselves, it belongs to the finder, and its ruling is the same as if it were found in barren land in Muslim territory.
+ 7 more rulings
Rulings on Non-Muslims
أحكام غير المسلمين(9 rulings)Required (Wajib)And they are to be prevented from displaying what is forbidden for Muslims.
Forbidden (Haram)It is forbidden to interfere with them [dhimmis] concerning what they do not display publicly.
Forbidden (Haram)And it is forbidden to interfere with them (Dhimmis) in what they do not openly display.
+ 6 more rulings
Medical and Bioethical Rulings
أحكام الطب والأخلاق البيولوجية(8 rulings)Required (Wajib)The Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded him to make a nose of gold (due to necessity after his silver one caused infection).
Permissible (Mubah)Imam Ahmad said: Binding teeth with gold if one fears they might fall out has been done by people, and there is no harm in it out of necessity.
Forbidden (Haram)because extracting it (a healed tooth) is no longer permissible.
+ 5 more rulings
Financial Purity and Ill-Gotten Wealth
تطهير المال والكسب الحرام(7 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible for the recipient to wear it if he knows it is not his garment.
Forbidden (Haram)If you like Allah to put a bow of fire on your neck, then accept it.
Permissible (Mubah)If teaching the Quran is permissible as compensation in marriage and serves as a dowry, then it is permissible to take a wage for it in contracts of hire.
+ 4 more rulings
Weights, Measures, and Practical Standards
المكاييل والموازين والمعايير العملية(6 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to exercise ijtihad (taharri), even if the permissible [items] are many.
Required (Wajib)The measure is the measure of Madinah, and the weight is the weight of Makkah.
Forbidden (Haram)So, it is not permissible for [the determination of what is measured by volume or weighed based on Hijaz custom] to change after that.
+ 3 more rulings
Necessity and Coercion
الضرورة والإكراه(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)It is obligatory for him to leave the prayer and go out to save him (if he sees someone in danger like burning or drowning, even if the prayer time is constricted).
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for one to take another's property to save one's life, and to destroy property to preserve it (meaning what one eats).
Required (Wajib)If one finds a thirsty person whose life is feared, it is obligatory to give them water to drink and then perform tayammum for prayer.
+ 1 more ruling
Rulings on Intersex Individuals
أحكام الخنثى(4 rulings)If both [semen from a male organ and menstruation from a female organ] appear together, he/she is not ruled to be male or female, because the two evidences contradict each other.
The status of males is established for whoever ejaculates from their male organ, and the status of females is established for whoever ejaculates from their vagina, because Allah has made this the norm for males and females.
If semen is found to exit from the male organ of an intersex person, it is a sign of his puberty and his being male.
+ 1 more ruling
Games, Sports, and Entertainment
الألعاب والمسابقات واللهو(2 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Then what is forbidden is its practice, not merely its knowledge (if one assumes singing is forbidden).
Permissible (Mubah)And we do not concede that singing is forbidden.
+ 1 more topic in this category
Prayer (Salah)10 topics
Obligatory and Voluntary Prayers
الصلوات المفروضة والتطوع(1476 rulings)Required (Wajib)And he lowers himself without saying takbeer.
Permissible (Mubah)And if one intends it as a voluntary prayer, it is valid.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Rather, one should intend it as a repeated Dhuhr prayer.
+ 1473 more rulings
Special and Circumstantial Prayers
الصلوات الخاصة والظرفية(1128 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to make supplication silently while facing the Qibla.
Recommended (Sunnah)According to another narration from Ahmad, one performs takbir for the obligatory prayer, even if he is praying individually.
Preferred (Mustahabb)This is the madhhab of Malik, because it is a remembrance recommended for the one who missed part of the prayer, so it is recommended for the individual, like the salaam.
+ 1125 more rulings
Prayer Conditions and Pillars
شروط الصلاة وأركانها(291 rulings)Required (Wajib)In another narration from Abu Bakr, nothing less than two salutations suffices for the prostration of recitation.
Required (Wajib)If one of you finds that (doubt in prayer), then he should prostrate two prostrations while sitting.
Forbidden (Haram)And if the Imam is certain of his own correctness and the incorrectness of the followers, it is not permissible for him to follow them.
+ 288 more rulings
Imamate and Congregational Prayer Rulings
أحكام الإمامة وصلاة الجماعة(221 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)If two individuals are present, both jurists and reciters, and one is better at recitation while the other is more knowledgeable in jurisprudence, the one better at recitation is given precedence (to lead prayer).
Required (Wajib)Similarly, if the Imam becomes unable to perform a pillar during the prayer that prevents him from leading, such as bowing or prostrating, he should appoint someone to complete the prayer with them.
Permissible (Mubah)If the Imam is unable to complete Al-Fatiha, he may appoint someone to lead the people in prayer.
+ 218 more rulings
Prayer Locations and Etiquette
أماكن الصلاة وآدابها(161 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)For a person praying alone, it is permissible to prolong the prayer in all aspects.
Forbidden (Haram)Ibn Hamid and Abu Hafs said: It is not sufficient (to use 'Ahl' instead of 'Aal').
Permissible (Mubah)If they supplicate along with him (the Imam), there is no harm.
+ 158 more rulings
Combining, Making Up, and Post-Prayer Actions
جمع الصلوات وقضائها وأعمال ما بعدها(86 rulings)Recommended (Sunnah)The people of knowledge have unanimously agreed that the Imam combines Dhuhr and Asr prayers in Arafat, and similarly, whoever prays with the Imam.
Permissible (Mubah)He prays Dhuhr then Asr without needing to determine the order.
Permissible (Mubah)Likewise, it is permissible to combine prayers for a woman experiencing istihadah (non-menstrual bleeding), for one who suffers from urinary incontinence, and for those in similar situations.
+ 83 more rulings
Prayer Invalidators and Disliked Actions
مبطلات الصلاة ومكروهاتها(62 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)One narration states that the prayer is nullified [by a standing or sleeping black dog in front of the worshiper] because its presence in front of him resembles something passing.
Forbidden (Haram)Al-Qadi said regarding one who yawns and says 'Ah Ah': his prayer is invalidated (corrupted).
Permissible (Mubah)The correct definition [of 'near' for a passerby] is that if one walks towards the passerby and repels them, his prayer is not invalidated.
+ 59 more rulings
Qibla Direction
اتجاه القبلة(45 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)Ahmad said, regarding a lamp or lantern being in the direction of the Qibla: "I dislike it."
Discouraged (Makruh)And I dislike everything (in the qibla direction). They even disliked placing anything in the direction of prayer, even the Mushaf (Quran).
Required (Wajib)Whenever he [a blind person in residence] errs [in determining the qibla], he must repeat the prayer.
+ 42 more rulings
Prayer Times and Prohibited Times
أوقات الصلاة وأوقات النهي(14 rulings)Required (Wajib)The amount of time by which the obligation of prayer is connected is the duration of the opening takbir (Takbirat al-Ihram).
Discouraged (Makruh)Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, held that the times when prayer is forbidden are from after Fajr until the sun rises to the height of a spear, and after Asr until the sun sets, and during the sun's zenith until it declines.
Discouraged (Makruh)Ibn al-Mundhir said: What is forbidden (for prayer) are only the three times mentioned in the hadith of Uqbah.
+ 11 more rulings
Women's Prayer Rulings
أحكام صلاة المرأة(12 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If there are non-mahram men present, a woman should not recite loudly in prayer, unless they are her mahrams, in which case there is no harm.
Discouraged (Makruh)And for that reason, spreading her limbs (tajafi) in prostration is not recommended for her.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Except that a woman gathers herself (i.e., keeps her limbs close to her body) in bowing (rukoo') and prostrating (sujood).
+ 9 more rulings
Purification (Taharah)8 topics
Wudu (Ablution) and Its Rulings
الوضوء وأحكامه(635 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is not obligatory to wipe over all of the khuff (leather socks).
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to use more water for the face.
Permissible (Mubah)If someone has water insufficient for their purification and completes it with a pure liquid that does not alter its properties, it is permissible to perform ablution with it, according to one of the two narrations.
+ 632 more rulings
Impurities and Their Purification
أنواع النجاسة وتطهيرها(407 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The second view is that it is sufficient; because these things are more effective than soil in removing impurities, and the mention of soil serves as an alert to them; and because it is a solid commanded for removing impurity, so similar things like stones for istijmar are analogously attached to it.
As for the eighth wash, the correct view is that it does not take the place of soil.
Forbidden (Haram)And if it was divinely commanded devotionally, then its substitution and analogy to it are prohibited.
+ 404 more rulings
Menstruation, Post-Natal Bleeding, and Chronic Impurity
الحيض والنفاس والاستحاضة والأعذار الدائمة(359 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Based on this, if a nine-year-old girl sees blood, she must stop praying.
Required (Wajib)So, if it recurs for three months with this description, Al-Qadi said: she sits out ten days in the fourth month, according to both narrations.
Required (Wajib)So she would not sit out more than three days when she sees three days of black blood and then it turns red.
+ 356 more rulings
Tayammum (Dry Ablution)
التيمم(233 rulings)If the prayer time expires while one is performing the prayer with tayammum, their tayammum becomes invalid, and their prayer becomes invalid.
Tayammum for minor impurity (hadath) is nullified by everything that nullifies wudu.
And it (tayammum for minor impurity) is further nullified by seeing water that one is able to use, and by the expiration of the prayer time.
+ 230 more rulings
General Principles of Purification
أحكام وأصول الطهارة العامة(174 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Washing is recommended as a precaution (if one doubts if urine spread to necessitate washing for a non-virgin woman).
Required (Wajib)If an uncircumcised man can uncover his foreskin, he must uncover it (for purification).
Required (Wajib)If the foreskin becomes impure with urine, he is obliged to wash it, just as if it had spread to the glans.
+ 171 more rulings
Ghusl (Ritual Bath) and Major Ritual Impurity
الغسل والحدث الأكبر(174 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)Saeed bin Al-Musayyib stated that he has a large basin (tawr) that holds about two *mudd* of water, and he performs ghusl with it, and it suffices him, with some water remaining.
Forbidden (Haram)A person in a state of major ritual impurity (junub) is forbidden from reciting an ayah.
Permissible (Mubah)The preferred view is the permissibility of having intercourse without dislike [for one lacking water].
+ 171 more rulings
Funeral Rulings and Purification of the Deceased
أحكام الجنائز وتطهير الميت(67 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Whoever washes a deceased person, fulfills the trust therein, and does not expose what is seen of him at that time, will emerge from his sins as on the day his mother gave birth to him.
Required (Wajib)And he is wrapped in a cloth and buried.
Discouraged (Makruh)As for one who has not reached four months, he is not washed, nor is the funeral prayer performed over him.
+ 64 more rulings
Circumcision
الختان والخفاض(8 rulings)Required (Wajib)As for circumcision, it is obligatory for men.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And it is an honor (or virtuous act) for women.
Permissible (Mubah)If an old man embraces Islam and fears for himself from circumcision, it is dropped from him.
+ 5 more rulings
Transactions (Mu'amalat)66 topics
Sales, Exchange, and Contractual Options (Buyu', Sarf, Salam, Khiyar)
البيوع والصرف والسلم والخيارات(2264 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in it (referring to rescinding part of a salam contract).
Forbidden (Haram)And anything other than that (the aforementioned exceptions whose sale is forbidden) is not permissible to lease.
Forbidden (Haram)It is invalid (fasid) to condition the wage on achieving the desired outcome, because the hired person has fulfilled the work specified in the contract, and thus the wage becomes obligatory for them, even if the desired goal is not achieved.
+ 2261 more rulings
Debts, Loans, and Transfers (Dayn, Qard, Hawalah, Ariyah)
الديون والقروض والحوالات والعارية(704 rulings)Required (Wajib)He is obligated to uproot his plants and demolish his buildings.
Permissible (Mubah)He (the lender) may retract before it (the ship) enters the sea and after it leaves it.
Required (Wajib)He is obligated to level the land.
+ 701 more rulings
Property Rights, Ownership, and Pre-emption (Milk, Ihya al-Mawat, Shuf'ah)
حقوق الملكية والإحياء والشفعة(620 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If someone committed two offenses, one intentional and one unintentional, and reconciled them both for a share, then pre-emption applies to half of the share, not the rest of it.
Forbidden (Haram)He does not own the right to sell his right to place his wood, nor to reconcile over it with the wall's owner or anyone else.
Forbidden (Haram)If someone has the right to place his wood on another's wall, he does not own the right to lend or rent out this right.
+ 617 more rulings
Partnerships and Profit-Sharing (Shirka, Mudarabah, Muzara'ah, Musaqah)
الشركات والمضاربة والمزارعة والمساقاة(522 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)A partner is not allowed to take a loan using the company's money as security.
Permissible (Mubah)If the owner of the capital says, "I get half, and you get a third," and remains silent about the remaining sixth, the contract is valid, and the remaining portion belongs to the owner of the capital.
Permissible (Mubah)The second view is that the Mudarabah is valid, and the remainder of the profit belongs to the worker.
+ 519 more rulings
Leasing, Hiring, and Labor Contracts (Ijara)
عقود الإجارة والعمل(496 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whoever is hired for a specific task and then falls ill, someone else shall be appointed in his place to do the work, and the wages shall be borne by the sick person.
Forbidden (Haram)Whoever hires (camels) for travel to Mecca, but did not see the riding camels, nor the saddles, covers, and footrests, the rental is not permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to hire a human being, with no disagreement among scholars.
+ 493 more rulings
Pledges and Mortgages (Rahn)
الرهن(359 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)And if the mortgagee of a male slave is a woman who has no husband, and she stipulates that he be with her in a manner that leads to her seclusion with him, it is also not permissible.
Permissible (Mubah)Al-Qadi said: 'That is permissible' [to make the slave collateral for the ransom along with the first debt].
Required (Wajib)If a heap is pawned by estimation, or it is clothes or an animal, its possession is by its transfer.
+ 356 more rulings
Gifts, Donations, and Endowments (Hiba, Sadaqah, Waqf)
الهبات والتبرعات والأوقاف(270 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)One view is that it is not valid; for Abu Talib narrated that when he was asked about this, he said: 'I only know of an endowment as that which is given out for Allah and in His path. If someone endows it upon himself until he dies, I do not recognize it.' According to this narration, the endowment upon oneself is void.
Permissible (Mubah)If one says, "I did not intend the endowment (waqf)," their word is accepted because they know best what they intended.
Permissible (Mubah)The apparent view of Imam Ahmad is that an endowment (waqf) is established by action accompanied by indicative signs, such as building a mosque and permitting people to pray in it, or a cemetery and permitting burial in it, or a water fountain and permitting access to it.
+ 267 more rulings
Usurpation, Damages, and Compensation (Ghasb & Daman)
الغصب والإتلاف والتعويض(237 rulings)Required (Wajib)If he (the usurper) did not say that, then there are two narrations; one of them is that the liability is fixed upon the consumer.
Required (Wajib)Whenever he is able to return the usurped item itself, he must return it and take back its substitute.
Required (Wajib)If a slave was beardless and then grew a beard, and his value decreased, compensation for his decrease is obligatory.
+ 234 more rulings
Agency (Wakalah)
الوكالة(213 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)If someone appoints a slave as an agent to emancipate his slaves, or a woman as an agent to divorce his wives, the slave does not have the authority to emancipate himself, nor does the woman have the authority to divorce herself.
Required (Wajib)If he mixed them (the moneys) in a way that they could not be distinguished, without permission, he is liable for them, just like a deposit.
Permissible (Mubah)If someone appoints his slave as an agent to emancipate himself, or his wife as an agent to divorce herself, it is valid.
+ 210 more rulings
riba interest
ربا الفائدة(203 rulings)Required (Wajib)Similarity is obligatory according to the legal standards of measure and weight. For this reason, equality is obligatory in measured items by measure, and in weighed items by weight. Thus, edibility (taste) must be considered in measured and weighed items, but not in others.
Forbidden (Haram)Indeed, usury (riba) is in delayed transactions, except for what is measured or weighed.
Permissible (Mubah)As for what lacks measurement, weight, and taste, and its types differ, there is no riba in it.
+ 200 more rulings
Guarantees and Suretyship (Daman & Kafalah)
الضمان والكفالة(103 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)The one who was given permission has recourse against the one who gave him permission.
Permissible (Mubah)The consent of the beneficiary (the one to whom the guarantee is made) is not considered (required for the validity of the guarantee).
Permissible (Mubah)Guaranteeing something that is not yet obligatory is permissible.
+ 100 more rulings
Slave Transactions and Manumission (Raqiq & Itq)
معاملات الرقيق والعتق(73 rulings)The manumission by the seller is not valid according to the apparent position of the madhab.
Required (Wajib)If a master leases his slave for a period and then emancipates him during that period, the emancipation is valid, the lease contract is not void according to the madhab's analogy, and the slave cannot claim anything from his former master.
Forbidden (Haram)As for a slave, it is not permissible for him to give a gift except with his master's permission.
+ 70 more rulings
Minor and Interdicted Persons' Transactions and Guardianship (Tasrufat al-Saghir wal-Mahjur)
تصرفات الصغير والمحجور عليه والولاية عليهم(36 rulings)Required (Wajib)However, if buying is more beneficial and possible, then it becomes obligatory to prioritize it.
Preferred (Mustahabb)If he is able to take collateral, it is preferable for him to take it, as a precaution for the money and to preserve it.
As for a non-discerning child, his transaction is not valid, even if the guardian permits it, except for minor matters.
+ 33 more rulings
Liabilities, Trusts, and Deposits (Daman, Amanat, Wadi'ah)
المسؤولية والأمانات والودائع(32 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the item remains intact and unchanged, he (the payer) takes it back.
Required (Wajib)If the depositary does not fear responsibility, which is that they would be held accountable for it, then they should hand it over to its owner.
Required (Wajib)If something occurs that prevents entitlement, its return is obligatory.
+ 29 more rulings
Business Ethics and Market Regulations (Adab al-Suq & Tas'ir)
آداب السوق والتسعير(29 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)Building a public bathhouse, selling it, buying it, or leasing it, is disliked (makruh) according to Abu Abdullah (Imam Ahmad).
Forbidden (Haram)And hoarding is forbidden.
Forbidden (Haram)And because it is his property, it is not permissible to prevent him from selling it at a price mutually agreed upon by the two transacting parties.
+ 26 more rulings
Contracts - Formation, Conditions, and Validity (Uqud: Takwin, Shurut, Sihha)
العقود: التكوين والشروط والصحة(28 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)It is also possible that the condition is valid.
Required (Wajib)The location of breastfeeding must be specified.
Forbidden (Haram)Any condition not found in the Book of Allah is void, even if there are a hundred such conditions.
+ 25 more rulings
Dispute Resolution and Settlements (Sulh)
تسوية النزاعات والصلح(28 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Reconciliation (settlement) concerning it is not valid in any case, whether it is fresh or dry.
Permissible (Mubah)If it is dry and relies on the wall itself, then reconciliation (settlement) concerning it is valid.
Forbidden (Haram)And reconciliation (settlement) is not valid for anything other than that.
+ 25 more rulings
Specific Contracts (Uqud Khassah)
عقود خاصة ومتنوعة(17 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)One opinion states that if a weaver produces a garment deficient in length, width, or both, he receives no wage, and he is liable for the deficiency in the yarn.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible to make a contract for grazing a specific animal or for a general type of animal.
Forbidden (Haram)A contract for grazing is not valid unless it specifies a known duration.
+ 14 more rulings
Insolvency Asset Management
إدارة أصول المفلس(13 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whatever remains from the price of the pledged item is returned to the creditors.
Required (Wajib)If any part of the mortgagee's debt remains, he shares in it with the other creditors.
Required (Wajib)Then, one sells perishable wet food (from the insolvent's assets).
+ 10 more rulings
Guarantee and Compensation
الضمان والتعويض(12 rulings)Required (Wajib)And if it was less, it is compensated with its value on the day it was destroyed, according to both views.
Required (Wajib)Except for the case where compensation for parts damaged by authorized use is obligatory, then it is compensated with its value before its parts were destroyed, if its value at that time was higher.
Required (Wajib)If it is not a fungible item, it is compensated with its value on the day it was destroyed.
+ 9 more rulings
+ 46 more topics in this category
worship29 topics
Preparation, Funeral Prayer, and Burial of the Deceased
تجهيز الميت والصلاة والدفن(288 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)There is no harm in a man buying the location of his grave and willing to be buried there.
Required (Wajib)If the heirs dispute the shroud, it should be determined according to the deceased's status. If the deceased was wealthy, the shroud should be fine and good, made according to what they used to wear in life; otherwise, it should be according to their status.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to shroud the dead in new clothes.
+ 285 more rulings
Adhan and Iqama
الأذان والإقامة(143 rulings)Obligatory (Fard)If it is performed by someone by whom sufficiency is achieved, it falls away from the rest.
Obligatory (Fard)[The Adhan] is among the communal obligations (fard kifayah).
Recommended (Sunnah)Make the time between your Adhan and Iqamah long enough for someone eating to finish their meal, someone performing ablution to finish their ablution, and someone needing to relieve themselves to do so.
+ 140 more rulings
Grave Visitation, Condolences, and Mourning
زيارة القبور والتعزية والحداد(80 rulings)Required (Wajib)He (the Prophet) commanded the burial of the martyrs of Uhud in their blood.
Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to offer condolences to the deceased's family.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to build upon a grave.
+ 77 more rulings
Mosque Rulings and Etiquette
أحكام وآداب المساجد(78 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It was disliked to build a mosque amidst graves.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Then he sits facing the Qiblah.
Required (Wajib)One-third of an endowment designated 'for the sake of Allah,' 'for reward,' or 'for good' should be spent on those who receive a share of Zakat, namely the Ghazat (warriors) who are not registered in the public registry, even if they are wealthy. The remainder of the endowment should be spent on anything that contains reward, recompense, and good, because the wording is general in that regard.
+ 75 more rulings
Dhikr, Dua, and Specific Prostrations
الذكر والدعاء والسجود الخاص(49 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)One should not prostrate (for recitation) if they have finished the prayer.
Bowing (ruku') does not take the place of prostration (sujud) (for recitation).
Preferred (Mustahabb)So, its performance is recommended.
+ 46 more rulings
General Etiquette, Social Interactions, and Earnings
الآداب العامة والمكاسب(35 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is permissible to consider that asking for charity is forbidden.
Permissible (Mubah)Asking (for charity) is not permissible except for one of three: a man afflicted by destitution until three people of wisdom from his folk say, 'So-and-so has been afflicted by destitution,' then asking becomes permissible for him until he attains a sufficiency of livelihood or a decent living.
Discouraged (Makruh)If they (those who deny divine decree) fall ill, do not visit them.
+ 32 more rulings
Quran Recitation and Mushaf Etiquette
تلاوة القرآن وأحكام المصحف(31 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)Do not use it (the Quran) to earn a living, and do not seek abundance through it.
Preferred (Mustahabb)If one recites the entire Quran in three days, it is good.
Preferred (Mustahabb)Beautify the Quran with your voices.
+ 28 more rulings
Haram and Madinah Sanctuaries
الحرمين الشريفين(30 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If someone hunts game outside Madinah and then brings it into it, they are not obligated to release it.
Permissible (Mubah)But one may gently shake (the branches for leaves).
Forbidden (Haram)The protected area of the Messenger of Allah (Madinah) should not be beaten or cut.
+ 27 more rulings
Principles of Belief, Legal Competence, and General Worship
أصول الإيمان والتكليف والعبادة(26 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)It is not permissible to combine worldly intentions with acts of worship.
Forbidden (Haram)As for purely physical acts of worship, such as prayer, fasting, and purification from minor ritual impurity, it is not permissible to delegate them.
Forbidden (Haram)His master does not have the right to prevent him (the mukatab slave) from an obligatory act nor a voluntary one.
+ 23 more rulings
Expiations, Vows, and Emancipation
الكفارات والنذور والعتق(21 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)And if he has intercourse with her without fearing to fall into sin, there is no expiation upon him.
Permissible (Mubah)It is permissible for them (relatives/Hashemites) to take from bequests made for the poor and from vows, because both are voluntary, resembling as if a bequest was made directly to them.
Forbidden (Haram)[For expiation] the blind slave or one with a defect that harms work is not permissible.
+ 18 more rulings
Specific Worship Occasions and Travel
عبادات خاصة والسفر(18 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)And it is recommended to strive diligently in good deeds during the ten days (of Dhul-Hijjah), including remembrance of Allah (Dhikr), prayer, fasting, charity, and all other righteous acts.
Permissible (Mubah)If he is her foster brother, she may travel with him.
Permissible (Mubah)A man may travel with his grandfather's umm walad (mother of his child).
+ 15 more rulings
Care for the Dying and Immediate Post-Death Procedures
أحكام المحتضر وما بعد الوفاة مباشرة(16 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)Whoever's last words at death are 'I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, alone, without partner,' except that it demolishes the sins and transgressions that preceded it. So, teach it to your dying ones.
Preferred (Mustahabb)And he should encourage him towards repentance and making a will.
Required (Wajib)When death is certain, he should be faced towards the Qibla.
+ 13 more rulings
Number of Shroud Garments
عدد أثواب الكفن(7 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is disliked to exceed three garments in the shroud.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no dispute among them that one garment suffices for him [a boy].
Permissible (Mubah)And if a boy is shrouded in three garments, there is no harm.
+ 4 more rulings
Forbidden Ascetic Practices
ممارسات الزهد المحرمة(5 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)'There is no silence from day until night.'
Forbidden (Haram)He prohibited the 'fast of silence'.
Forbidden (Haram)that this is not permissible.
+ 2 more rulings
Grave Form and Height
شكل القبر وارتفاعه(5 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to raise it with more than its own soil.
Recommended (Sunnah)The grave should be raised about a handspan above the ground.
Discouraged (Makruh)It is not recommended to raise the grave except a little.
+ 2 more rulings
Religious Obligations and Child Discipline
الواجبات الشرعية وتأديب الصغار(5 rulings)Required (Wajib)He is killed for his disbelief like an apostate, so he is not washed, nor shrouded, nor buried among Muslims, nor does anyone inherit from him, nor does he inherit from anyone.
Required (Wajib)He is killed as a legal punishment (hadd), while his status as a Muslim is maintained.
Required (Wajib)There is no one among Allah's creation upon whom Hajj and Umrah are not both obligatory, and they are indispensable for whoever can find a way to them.
+ 2 more rulings
Rulings on Crescent Sighting
أحكام رؤية الهلال(4 rulings)Required (Wajib)If a trustworthy informant informs someone of the sighting of the crescent, fasting becomes obligatory for them.
Required (Wajib)The implication of this is that it is obligatory for him to accept the news, even if the judge rejects it.
Required (Wajib)And if two witnesses testify [to the crescent sighting], it is obligatory to accept their testimony.
+ 1 more ruling
Drinking Zamzam Water
شرب ماء زمزم(3 rulings)Preferred (Mustahabb)It is recommended to come to Zamzam, drink from its water for whatever one wishes, and drink to one's fill.
Preferred (Mustahabb)One should say when drinking: 'In the name of Allah. O Allah, make it for us beneficial knowledge, vast provision, quenching and satiation, a cure from every illness, and wash my heart with it, and fill it with Your wisdom.'
Preferred (Mustahabb)When you drink from it, face the Kaaba, mention Allah's name, breathe three times while drinking from Zamzam, drink to your fill, and when you finish, praise Allah the Almighty.
Priority in Burial
أولوية الدفن(3 rulings)Required (Wajib)If they are equal in that (fear of decomposition), one should start with the closest relative, according to the order of financial support (nafaqat).
Preferred (Mustahabb)If they are equal in closeness (of relationship), then the most honorable and best of them should be given precedence.
Required (Wajib)If one has relatives who have died, one should start with burying the one whose body is feared to decompose first.
Priority in Calling Adhan
أولوية الأذان(2 rulings)Discouraged (Makruh)One should not call the adhan before the regular muezzin.
Permissible (Mubah)Unless he (the regular muezzin) is absent and there is a fear of missing the time for the adhan, then someone else should call it.
+ 9 more topics in this category
Zakat12 topics
Zakat on Monetary Wealth and Trade Goods
زكاة الأموال النقدية وعروض التجارة(718 rulings)Required (Wajib)Thus, three sheep become obligatory upon him at the completion of the year for each amount of wealth (sheep).
Required (Wajib)They pay zakat as individuals.
Required (Wajib)If he seizes it, he must pay Zakat on it for one year.
+ 715 more rulings
Zakat on Agriculture and Produce
زكاة الزروع والثمار(221 rulings)Required (Wajib)Date palms and grapevines are estimated (for zakat).
Forbidden (Haram)So crops in their ears are not estimated.
Forbidden (Haram)And whatever is other than them (date palms and grapevines) is not estimated.
+ 218 more rulings
Recipients and Distribution of Zakat
مصارف الزكاة وتوزيعها(180 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)The second narration is that it does not suffice (the Zakat payment is not valid).
Permissible (Mubah)The one with no child is permitted to give his zakat to his brother.
Forbidden (Haram)Abu Dawud said: I heard Ahmad being asked about Zakat sent from one country to another. He said no. It was asked: Even if his relatives are there? He said: No.
+ 177 more rulings
Zakat al-Fitr
زكاة الفطر(172 rulings)Required (Wajib)If there is an excess (after other priorities), one must pay Zakat al-Fitr on behalf of their young child, because their maintenance is explicitly stipulated and agreed upon.
Required (Wajib)As for the absent [slave], his Zakat al-Fitr is obligatory if it is known that he is alive, whether his return is hoped for or despaired of, and whether he is free or imprisoned like a captive or otherwise.
Required (Wajib)The general body of scholars agreed that a person must pay Zakat al-Fitr for his present slave, excluding the mukatab (slave under a contract of manumission), and for the usurped slave, the runaway slave, and trade slaves.
+ 169 more rulings
Zakat on Livestock
زكاة الأنعام(45 rulings)Required (Wajib)In forty sheep, there is one sheep (as Zakat).
Required (Wajib)For twenty-five camels, a Bint Makhad (a one-year-old female camel) is due. If a Bint Makhad is not available, then an Ibn Labun (a two-year-old male camel) is due.
Required (Wajib)(Take) a sheep from sheep, a camel from camels, and cattle from cattle (as Zakat).
+ 42 more rulings
Voluntary Charity (Sadaqah)
الصدقة والتطوع(44 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)As for those whose maintenance is obligatory upon him (the agent), other than his children, parents, or wife, it is permissible to give to them from the charity, just as it is permissible to give voluntary charity to them.
Permissible (Mubah)There is no disagreement regarding the permissibility of giving good deeds (charity) to a Hashemite, forgiving them, and granting them respite.
Forbidden (Haram)Do not return in your charity by buying it, for the one who returns in his charity is like one who returns in his vomit.
+ 41 more rulings
Zakat on Minerals, Buried Treasure, and Sea Products
زكاة المعادن والركاز ومنتجات البحر(18 rulings)Required (Wajib)Whatever is found from Rikaz, which is treasure buried in the pre-Islamic era, whether little or much, one-fifth of it belongs to the recipients of sadaqat, and the remainder belongs to the finder.
Permissible (Mubah)Malik and Shafi'i said: Zakat is not due except on gold and silver.
Required (Wajib)Then Zakat on the mineral is obligatory upon him, not Zakat on the price, because Zakat is only connected to the mineral itself, or its value if it is not a currency.
+ 15 more rulings
Zakat Administration and Collection
إدارة الزكاة وتحصيلها(14 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)If the zakat collector takes the sadaqah and needs to sell it for a benefit, such as the cost of transporting it or if it is sick, then he is permitted to do so.
Required (Wajib)[If the Imam gains control over him and his wealth], Zakat should be taken from him without any increase.
Permissible (Mubah)The Imam has a choice when dispatching a collector: if he wishes, he may hire him with a valid contract and pay him what was agreed upon, or if he wishes, he may dispatch him without a contract and pay him a fair wage.
+ 11 more rulings
Khums (One-Fifth Tax) and Spoils of War
الخمس والغنيمة(10 rulings)Required (Wajib)The Khums (one-fifth) is obligatory on both small and large amounts of Rikaz (buried treasure).
Required (Wajib)It is recounted that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz took the fifth (Khums) from ambergris.
Required (Wajib)It is obligatory upon the Dhimmi (to pay the one-fifth on found treasure).
+ 7 more rulings
Zakat on Jewelry
زكاة الحلي(4 rulings)Forbidden (Haram)(According to Ibn Hamid) It is permissible as long as it does not reach one thousand mithqal; if it reaches that, it becomes forbidden, and Zakat is due on it.
Required (Wajib)If the breakage prevents its use, then Al-Qadi said: In my opinion, Zakat is due on it.
Required (Wajib)Unless one intends to break and melt it, in which case Zakat is due on it then.
+ 1 more ruling
Financial Obligations for Non-Muslims (Dhimmis)
الأحكام المالية المتعلقة بالذمي(2 rulings)Permissible (Mubah)there is no 'ushr (tithe) upon him (the Dhimmi) for what comes out of it (the land), because it is zakat, and zakat is not obligatory upon a Dhimmi, like the zakat on grazing livestock.
Required (Wajib)If they (Dhimmis) buy it (such land), the 'ushr (tithe) is doubled for them, and one-fifth is taken from them.
General Principles and Obligation of Zakat
فريضة الزكاة وأحكامها العامة(2 rulings)Required (Wajib)And the consideration (for the Iraqi ratl measurement) is given to the first [standard] before the increase.
Forbidden (Haram)And it (buying back charity) is also a means to giving the monetary value (instead of the item itself), and that is prohibited.